RESUMO. Na situação de cirurgia existem três tipos de estresse, (1) Estresse produzido pela avaliação da situação cirúrgica como ameaça, dano ou perda (estresse psicológico), (2) Estresse produzido pela enfermidade prévia do paciente, e (3) Estresse produzido pela intervenção cirúrgica em si (estresse cirúrgico). Dotar o paciente de estratégias de confronto frente à cirurgia, reduz o estresse. Os resultados podem ser medidos tanto em termos clínicos quanto econômicos, diminuindo a permanência do paciente no hospital e a ingestão de analgésico e sedativo. Neste artigo, apresentam-se as técnicas concretas e adaptadas ao ambiente hospitalar que se mostram mais efetivas na avaliação e redução da ansiedade pré-cirúrgica. Palavras -chave:ansiedade pré-cirúrgica, avaliação,técnicas de intervenção. PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN SURGERYABSTRACT. In a surgery situation we can clearly find three types of stress, (1) the stress derived from the assessment of the surgical situation as a threat, injury or loss (psychological stress), (2) the stress derived from the illness itself, and (3) the stress derived from surgery itself (surgical stress). Stress can be reduced if the patient is trained to cope with certain strategies. Results will be related to clinical and economical issues, provided that the length of the stay at the hospital will be shorter and the intake of analgesics and sedatives will decrease. This paper is a theoretical review about the psychological techniques adapted to the hospital setting which have demonstrated to be more effective in the assessment and reduction of the pre-surgical anxiety.
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