Clustering of tourism-related activities leads to tourism gentrification because of urban tourism. This study proposes a methodology for identifying pattern of tourism intensification in cities. The main objectives were to conduct an in-depth measurement of tourism intensification and to consider the conflict of interest between stakeholders involved. The proposed indicator system is based on several variables measured by neighbourhoods as territorial units: citizen initiatives, population and tourist accommodations and facilities. All indicators were tested in two Spanish port cities: Malaga and Valencia. Geographic Information System mapping showed common patterns in both cities, such as tertiary use concentrated in the old town, new tourist offers around it, and emerging clusters far away. Statistical analysis showed a high spatial correlation between neighbourhoods with several citizen initiatives and a wide range of Airbnb listings or cultural facilities. The spatial analysis and correlations between tourism intensification indicators may serve as a basis for local administrations to propose an urban policy that deals with overtourism in the short and medium terms. This work serves as a basis for new research on urban tourism: redefinition and addition of variables, as well as further development of comparative case studies or field studies that check the datasets.
El presente artículo explora las potencialidades de los proyectos de arte urbano a través de la Educación Artística, poniendo el foco en el entorno construido, el espacio público, gracias a su valor de uso y su capacidad de re-significación para revertir su anonimato y facilitar la construcción de situaciones relacionales. Para ello se estudia el proyecto artístico y educativo La red que nos une: una intervención artística realizada en el entorno urbano de un centro educativo de la ciudad de Málaga, desarrollada por la comunidad local y educativa del mismo a través de procesos de participación ciudadana. El estudio, dentro del paradigma de investigación cualitativa, sigue el diseño de un estudio de caso. Los procedimientos utilizados han sido la entrevista abierta, la observación y la documentación pedagógica. Tras exponer el proyecto pedagógico, el análisis de los resultados se detiene en cinco cuestiones que invitan a repensar el lugar de la Educación Artística en las escuelas: la etnografía visual, el pensamiento divergente, la destrucción del mito del artista, la regeneración urbana por medio de la expresión artística y el trabajo desde los universales.
Tourist demands and the ensuing commodification of habitability in cities have led to the emergence of resistance movements. This study aims to define patterns in touristified cities by measuring the presence of citizen initiatives, together with tourism intensification and related socio-demographic variables. All the indicators have been tested in the Mediterranean port cities of Barcelona and Malaga as they lead the cultural offer. Both municipalities have been analysed at census-section level and show a common urban pattern: the Airbnb offer has spread out in the old town in direct competition with traditional accommodation and replacing long-term rentals. Statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation among citizen initiatives with tourism services, which are the driver mechanisms behind the movements. Cluster maps show a clear centre-periphery pattern according to the tourism intensification set with high coefficient values for tourist accommodation. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation indicates that protest movements emerge in tourism specialisation areas with a high concentration of tourist facilities. Monitoring the proposed indicator system over time may serve as a basis for local administrations to promote new urban policies dealing with overtourism. Future research may redefine and include new variables, test other tourist destinations and consider a smaller non-administrative territorial unit of analysis.
The identification and cataloguing of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) was defined in Paris Convention by UNESCO (2003). However, it is difficult to identify and map this type of heritage in the territory due to the lack of consensus to establish a common representation methodology. Similar technological platforms identify and geolocate the stakeholders concerned about the safeguarding and transmission of this kind of heritage, with the aim of putting together memories from each heritage item, but not the direct relationship with the specific site. This research focuses on a methodology for mapping ICH through webGIS platforms on a local scale, taking into account the following issue: the intangible elements as an attribute related with other heritage categories. This is achieved by collecting the memories of each resource generated by agents involved -citizenship and associations-and its relationship with the physical environmenttangible cultural heritage: architecture, landscape...-. In this way, the sum of related items allows to identify the connection between ICH and territory. This method has been tested in La Fontanalla neighbourhood through Malaka_net webGIS: a comprehensive platform which shows data sheets about every cultural heritage item from Malaga city. This tool allows cultural heritage to be categorized into different material heritage types -architecture, landscape, archaeology, street furniture and urban pattern-and immaterial ones. The holistic meaning between these categories makes possible to link them through the same attribute: intangible value.
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