Ethnozoology has been used successfully in studies of the interaction between zoology andculture. In that body of knowledge, it is common to use a personal terminology to name different animal body parts; thisis known as body topography. The aim of this work is to understand the terms used by the Acupe fishermen (Santo Amaro– Bahia, Brazil) for some of the locally caught animals, analysing them from the perspective of folk knowledge comparedwith the zoological literature. The body topography was studied by presenting picture-cards (N = 100), showing imagesof swimming crabs, shrimps, crabs and fish taken from the scientific literature, to 68 fishermen. The folk terminologyrecorded was divided into three categories: polynomia, suggested function, and anthropomorphic analogy. In at least onecase (crab-catching), this knowledge translates into a method with ethnoconservation implications. The results showedthat the local fishermen have an extensive terminology to name structures and body parts and their functions, and in somecases this knowledge was comparable to that in the zoological literature.
Resumo: A seca nordestina vem produzindo, ao longo de séculos, muitos estereótipos que se plasmam em diferentes percepções, que nos motivaram a buscar uma melhor compreensão sobre este fenômeno. Trabalhamos com professoras/es de uma escola municipal localizada na comunidade de Brejo dos Olhos d´Água, semiárido baiano. Os dados foram coletados durante um processo de formação em educação ambiental, na perspectiva crítica, pautados em metodologias participativas. Utilizamos questionários, grupo focal e o método de foto-elicitação, ancorando a análise na hermenêutica. Traçamos um panorama do processo social na constituição da percepção sobre a seca, constatando algumas heranças históricas que influenciam na forma como as pessoas vivem e percebem seu meio. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de investimento na formação continuada e contextualizada de professoras/es, pois muitas/os ainda reproduzem discursos propagados historicamente pela mídia e literatura, às vezes equivocados. Constatamos que a interação educacional contribui para a compreensão deste fenômeno e pode criar condições para a (re)construção destes olhares.
Coral reefs are quite diverse ecosystems that carry out several ecological functions and plays a relevant socioeconomic role. The artisan fishing of octopi (Octopus spp.) is practiced for the survival of part of the inhabitants of Coroa Vermelha community, in the south of the state of Bahia. We intended to study the knowledge of the octopi fishermen of Coroa Vermelha using the comprehensive ethnoecological proposal of Marques. The data were collected between July, 2006 and April, 2008 through direct observation and from interviews with fishermen met by chance and through the "native specialists" criterion. Twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out following an itinerary of pre-established questions about the activity of octopi capture, and the biological and ecological aspects of the resource. The data showed that the fishermen have knowledge about biological and ecological aspects of the octopi. Two capture techniques are used: octopus fishing (polvejamento) in the reefs and through diving. Two specific folk are recognized: the "normal octopus" (Octopus insularis) and the "east octopus" (Octopus macropus (?)). The intervieews demonstrated ecological knowledge sometimes compatible with the scientific literature, mainly in which concerns the trophic ecology and behavior of the octopi.
<p class="Default">A pesca artesanal corresponde à quase totalidade da atividade pesqueira no Estado da Bahia, sendo desenvolvida em mar aberto, em afloramentos recifais ou em áreas de manguezais. Dentre as áreas de ocorrência desses ecossistemas no estado, da Bahia, destaca-se a Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS). Apesar de sua importância ecológica, esta baía é extremamente impactada por vários empreendimentos e construções, o que leva ao estabelecimento de muitos conflitos socioambientais com comunidades pesqueiras, como é o caso da de Bom Jesus dos Pobres (Saubara-BA). Propõe-se com este trabalho analisar os diversos conflitos locais à luz da abordagem etnoecológica abrangente. Para isto foram gravadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 35 especialistas em diversas modalidades de pesca e mariscagem, quando foram abordados assuntos relacionados à percepção do ambiente de pesca e aos conflitos socioambientais. Foram registrados três grandes tipos de conflitos: aqueles em torno da disputa pelo controle sobre os recursos ambientais; conflitos em torno dos impactos sociais e/ou ambientais gerados pela ação humana; e conflitos em torno de valores culturais e modo de vida. Quanto à origem também foram registrados conflitos endógenos (internos) e exógenos (externos). Transformações causadas pela opção desenvolvimentista na região, marcados pelas profundas diferenças de interesses entre as tradições e o capital, bem como modificações em estratégias de pesca na comunidade, são a base dos conflitos socioambientais locais.</p>
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and apart from carrying out important ecologicalfunctions, they have an important socioeconomic role because they are source of income and livelihoods for severalcommunities. Coroa Vermelha, is a district of Santa Cruz Cabrália, State of Bahia, and, together with the northern portionof Porto Seguro, it comprises the Coroa Vermelha APA (Environmental Protection Area). The artisanal fishing of octopusstill plays an important role for the local population, although tourism is a more promising alternative. This study coversthe behaviour of the octopus fishermen from Coroa Vermelha relating to their catch, other elements of the ecosystem, andpossible conservation implications, following a broad ethnoecological approach. Non-structured interviews, followed bysemi-structured and structured interviews, with randomly selected octopus fishermen and with “native specialists”, werecarried out. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The technique of direct observation,when fishermen were accompanied during the fishing, was also used. Twenty fishermen were interviewed; eight of whomwere considered “native specialists”. Two techniques of capture were reported, the catching of octopus over the reef andthrough diving, and five sampling points were cited as the most frequently fished by the local octopus fishermen. Amongstthe proposed interactions, that of human/plant interactions was found to be the weakest and that of human/animal thestrongest when fishing for octopus.
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