Oranges are a rich source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for human health. To guarantee high quality and production levels, citrus farms usually employ the combination of selected cultivars with well adapted rootstocks. This study analyzes the impact of four different citrus rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide no.5, ‘Cleopatra mandarin’, Citrus volkameriana and Carrizo citrange) on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of two orange cultivars (‘Salustiana’ and ‘Sanguinelli’) widely used in the orange juice industry. For the hydrophilic fraction, the phenolic compound, anthocyanin, and organic acid profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD-HRMS, and the antioxidant activity by ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays. Besides, the total carotenoids and ABTS concentrations were calculated for the hydrophobic fraction. A set of three flavanones, one flavone, and eight anthocyanins were tentatively identified and quantified in the orange cultivars tested. The predominant phenolic compounds obtained in both orange cultivars were hesperidin and narirutin, while cyanidin-3-O-(6″-malonyl) glucoside followed by cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins found in the ‘Sanguinelli’ cultivar. Citric acid, followed by malic, oxalic, and ascorbic acids were the main organic acids. The higher amount of antioxidant compounds was found in fruit from the Forner-Alcaide no.5 rootstock. These results indicate that Forner-Alcaide n.5 affects positively the phenolic and organic acid composition and the antioxidant capacity of ‘Sanguinelli’ and ‘Salustiana’ cultivars, and is therefore a good option for the sector based on the healthy promoting properties.
Is the presence of trioza erytreae, vector of huanglongbing disease, endangering the mediterranean citrus industry? survey of its population density and geographical spread over the last years.
Trioza erytreae is per se a major citrus pest, although its destructive power is much greater as a vector of the bacteria causing the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide: the citrus huanglongbing (HLB). Following early detections of T. erytreae in mainland Europe, simultaneously in Portugal and Spain, its distributional range has rapidly increased, thus becoming a serious threat to the entire Mediterranean citrus industry. One year after our lastest survey, the situation has only worsened, with the vector pest being around 200 km closer to key citrus growing areas in Southern Portugal and Spain. Once T. erytreae invades a new area, the degree of severity of its attacks increases very quickly, which is indicative of its potential for invasiveness. We highlight that T. erytreae is currently spread and well established along the Northwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, ranging from Cedeira in A Coruña (Spain) to Pontes/Setúbal in Portugal, covering approximately 600 km on a straight uninterrupted line. Implementation of further containment and control measures are critical to addressing this growing concern.
Five sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) varieties cultivated in Huelva (Spain) and picked at two seasons during two consecutive years, were characterized for their antioxidant activity (free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and vitamin content (vitamin E and vitamin C). The effects induced by sweet orange variety and stage of maturity were comprehensively compared by applying 2-way ANOVA and linear discriminant analysis. The results indicated higher differences in antioxidant activity and vitamin contents in response to the effect of the harvesting season, when compared to the effect of sweet orange variety. Nevertheless, the results observed in 2012 showed less marked differences among the assayed sweet orange varieties. Either way, it might be concluded that oranges sampled in January show the highest antioxidant activity and vitamin contents. Furthermore, concerning the properties evaluated in this work, all sweet orange varieties represent good alternatives, except for
OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20
8288Rhode Summer, which would not be the preferable choice as a target to enhance sweet orange overall characteristics.
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