showed significantly less injury in rats that received ketamine than in rats that did not (2.35 ± 1.14 vs 4.58 ± 0.50, P < 0.0001). The distance traveled by a marker, expressed as percentage of total intestinal length, in rats that received pentobarbital sodium was 20% ± 2% in comparison with 25.9% ± 1.64% in rats that received ketamine (P = 0.017 INTRODUCTIONMesenteric ischemia is a clinical entity with a mortality rate between 60% and 100% that usually requires surgical resection of the necrotic intestinal segment [1] . Although there have been advancements in the treatment of ischemic injury, an ideal treatment has not been defined, and new options should be considered. A promising strategy is the use of anesthetic and sedative agents that might exert protective effects on the injured tissue. Ketamine is an agent that has been recommended for this purpose in clinical situations of sepsis, renal ischemia, cerebral ischemia and serious burn injuries [2][3][4] . The small intestine is very sensitive to ischemic insult [5] . Reperfusion causes additional damage through the release of free radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes and other related products [6] . Intestinal Abstract AIM: To investigate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on the motility alterations and tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: T h i r ty m a l e W i s t a r ra t s w e i g h i n g 200-250 g were used. Ischemia was induced by obstructing blood flow in 25% of the total small intestinal length (ileum) with a vascular clamp for 45 min, after which either 60 min or 24 h of reperfusion was allowed. Rats were either anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) or ketamine (100 mg/kg). Control groups received sham surgery. After 60 min of reperfusion, the intestine was examined for morphological alterations, and after 24 h intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency was calculated, and intestinal transit determined in all groups. RESULTS: The intestinal mucosa in rats that were anesthetized with ketamine showed moderate alterations such as epithelial lifting, while ulceration and hemorrhage was observed in rats that received pentobarbital sodium after 60 min of reperfusion. Quantitative analysis of structural damage using the Chiu scale

Seasonal dynamics in edaphic humidity are influenced by different environmental factors, such as topography, physical and chemical soil conditions, type of vegetation cover and climatic classification. Data from 105 agrometeorological stations in the IDEAM network, distributed throughout Colombia, with records from January, 2001 to April, 2020, were studied. A non-parametric Spearman rank correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between soil moisture and atmospheric variables. Simultaneously, the behaviors of seasonal dynamics were analyzed, along with their interaction with atmospheric, physical soil and vegetation cover variables. The results showed that soil moisture is more significantly influenced by frequency than by intensity of precipitation; this variable had a seasonal behavior, similar to that of precipitation. The physical variable texture was closely related to the behavior of the soil surface moisture (<10 cm deep). In addition, there was evidence of a surface moisture response to the physical conditions of the soil, topography and availability of plant cover. As the soil depth increased, the soil moisture had less variation because the influence of the atmospheric conditions was greater on the surface and persisted longer over time.

Methodological criteria for data quality control with geophysical range and spectrum consistency were evaluated, establishing flags and quality indicators for soil moisture data records, in a range of depths between 10, 30, and 50 cm, from automatic agro-meteorological stations located in the most important agricultural regions of Colombia. Data for analysis were collected from 105 stations of the IDEAM network, in an observation window from 2001-2020. The results showed that 40.3% of the soil moisture data were of good quality, 12.9% were questionable due to spectrum flags, 14.3% were questionable due to geophysical range and 32% were erroneous because the values were not possible and/or missing. The depth closest to the surface had the highest number of quality flags, suggesting that the soil layer has the highest error detection rate associated with soil moisture condition recording; the most common quality flag was C02: “Soil moisture >60% & ≤100%”, detected in 93% of the sensors, and the second most frequent flag was C01: “Soil moisture ≥0% & <3%”. It was concluded that the proposed methodology provides highly satisfactory results in the detection of anomalous soil moisture records, in order to make adjustments to the environmental conditions of Colombia.

Se evaluó la diversidad y dinámica poblacional de la artropofauna presente en cultivos de arroz bajo los sistemas de siembra secano y riego, con dos variedades de arroz (Fedearroz 174 y Fedearroz 733) y en tres densidades de siembra (60, 100 y 180 kg/ha) en relación a diferentes variables climáticas. Para la recolección de especímenes, se realizaron 10 pases dobles de red entomológica cada ocho días desde la emergencia hasta el inicio de la fase de maduración del grano. Los morfotipos encontrados fueron identificados y agrupados según su tipo de interacción con el cultivo en chupadores, masticadores, depredadores y parasitoides. Las variables climáticas más relevantes se seleccionaron con un análisis de Random Forest. Se identificaron 126 morfotipos en 12 órdenes. La mayor riqueza se encontró en Hemiptera, Coleoptera y Diptera, así como en el grupo de chupadores. No se encontraron diferencias en la abundancia o riqueza de artrópodos entre variedades o densidades de siembra. El sistema de siembra con riego presentó una mayor abundancia total de artrópodos en comparación con el sistema secano, pero en este sistema hubo una mayor riqueza de especies. Las poblaciones de parasitoides y depredadores se correlacionaron negativamente con los masticadores, pero no se presentó ningún efecto sobre los chupadores. La temperatura y la humedad relativa fueron las variables climáticas de mayor relevancia en la dinámica de los artrópodos. Estos resultados contribuyen para el desarrollo de sistemas de monitoreo y manejo de plagas que tengan en cuenta las dinámicas de interacción entre grupos ecológicos y el efecto del clima local.