Spanish>English Translation for Spanish students is one of the most challenging subjects for non-native English translators. Thanks to these subjects, university students have a practical possibility to translate texts from several general and specialised topics. Owing to this fact, every theoretical study is important in other to reach optimal results in these practical courses. Unfortunately, the COVID19 outbreak at the end of the year 2019 and its subsequent worldwide spread has brought additional adaptations to our university studies. The aim of this study is to explain how these adaptations were introduced in our practical subject “Traducción General C2. Inglés” (General Translation C2. English), which focuses on Spanish>English Translation, and taught in the third course of Translation and Interpreting studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. In addition to this, this research includes some translation methods and conclusions observed during the course: analysis of Translation Cards of every text included in the subject, how the students mentioned problems and comments of every text, and how these problems can be corrected in the subject by considering every feedback from students and teachers. This final objective can, therefore, bring to light essential aspects coming from both sides of the translation teaching process in our universities.
The translation process constitutes an essential part in every translator’s professional training. Translation students should be familiarised with several textual genres of different difficulties. The aim of this study is to show the importance of including semi-specialised texts in general translation subjects. To do so, a selection of semi-specialised texts was included together with more general topics. Thanks to this, translation students can learn how to deal with general and semi-specialised documents by giving their critical views in a cooperative environment. They additionally improved in the correct use of translation techniques in both types of text.
Text analysis constitutes one of the most challenging and complex practices for every student. Owing to this fact, linguists need a theoretical framework that would explain every linguistic device in text cohesion. Those cohesive devices may identify those units that are part of the analysed text. Among the huge amount of literary works that might be analysed, we chose one by Stephen King, one of the most prolific thriller writers of the 20th century. The aim of this study is to analyse one of his bestsellers in American Literature, The Mist, a psychological horror novella published in 1980. The main work used in this research is Hasan and Halliday’s Cohesion in English, which will be the centre of the linguistic study. Thanks to this investigation, we shall establish certain linguistic parameters to help students build a linguistic analysis to ease their academic and professional areas, such as linguistics and translation. The excerpt analysed will include certain linguistic cohesive devices, such as anaphora-cataphora, the use of direct speech, relative clauses, or Hasan and Halliday’s terms of field, tenor, and mode, among others. As a result of this, EFL students from different disciplines, such as foreign languages, translation, or linguistic studies, will therefore increase their knowledge of this literary model in order to be applied to other literary and non-literary works.
La presente investigación se centra en el estudio de un corpus digital de 25 sentencias escocesas con el objetivo de establecer ciertos parámetros lingüísticos que puedan unificar la gran divergencia de sentencias judiciales de Escocia a través de una explicación de los epígrafes macroestructurales y del contenido de los mismos dentro de las sentencias escocesas.
Court judgments are documents in legal proceedings, defined as: “a court’s final determination of the rights and obligations of the parties in a case” (Garner, 2006: 388). The main importance of this legal document lies in the fact that it covers all private and public problems that may arise in society. Owing to this fact, court judgments can be found in most of the legal systems worldwide. The aim of this article is to establish a comparative study of court judgments from four legal systems and written in the following languages: English, German, French and Spanish. This paper is focused on the macrostructural structure of court judgments in four legal systems: England and Wales, Germany, France and Spain. Thanks to this contrastive analysis, we may establish some patterns in court judgments written in four languages and issued in four different legal systems in order to set some patterns that would be appropriate for legal professionals, translators and interpreters, linguistics, and other academic experts. This digital corpus is composed of 60 multilingual court judgments: 15 of England and Wales, 15 of Germany, 15 of France, and 15 of Spain, issued recently (between the years 2019 and 2020) from different lower courts of these four legal systems. This study includes an internal analysis of the structure observed in all the court judgments, main terminology in the four languages with a brief explanation in English and the common phraseology in every court judgment of our multilingual corpus. This paper also includes the masculine and feminine forms in German, French and Spanish nouns, such as the French noun “Demand-eur [masculine] /-euse [feminine]”. Thanks to these findings, we may find some linguistic parameters for experts to understand these essential court documents, how to compare their linguistic similarities and how to overcome the main linguistic differences of court judgments in these languages in order to make this study practical in several disciplines, such as foreign language teaching, specialized translation of comparative law, among many others.
La literatura madrileña de finales del siglo XIX cuenta con un número significativo de obras en las que la ciudad de Madrid cobra protagonismo como escenario literario de primer orden. El punto inicial de la presente investigación se basa en el estudio terminológico y traductológico de esta literatura ambientada en el Madrid del período comprendido entre los años 1870 y 1900, centrándose en el marco social y lingüístico de Madrid y basando el análisis en un corpus de cuatro obras de finales del siglo XIX: Cuadros al Fresco, de Tomás Luceño (1870), la Gran Vía, de Felipe Pérez y González (1886), la Verbena de la Paloma, de Ricardo de la Vega (1894) y la Revoltosa, de José López-Silva y Carlos Fernández Shaw (1897). Igualmente, dicha cuestión se centra en posibles técnicas de traducción (del español al inglés), mediante la explicación de diversos fragmentos elegidos de estas obras. La metodología empleada es la recopilación de aspectos terminológicos y sintácticos y establecer comentarios y propuestas de traducción. Todo ello arroja resultados distintivos del Madrid de finales del siglo XIX y establece ciertas conclusiones: la necesidad del estudio de la literatura madrileña del período, su lengua y propuestas de traducción al inglés que faciliten su comprensión y traducción de todas las obras citadas. Como conclusión, este estudio pone en relieve la literatura de Madrid, su importancia e idiosincrasia y la necesidad de establecer dichas pautas de traducción de estas cuatro obras clásicas, cumbre del ámbito literario madrileño.
Francisco godoy tena ** sumario: I. Introducción. II. Familias y sistemas de derecho. III. Derecho consuetudinario (common law) y derecho romano (civil law). IV. Origen del common law. V. Características del common law. VI. Derecho inglés y galés. VII. Origen y evolución del derecho inglés y galés. VIII. Derecho civil y derecho penal brit ánico. IX. Origen y evolución del derecho escocés. X. Derecho civil y derecho penal escocés. XI. Origen y evolución del derecho norirlandés. XII. Derecho español. XIII. Derecho comparado. XIV. Conclusiones. XV. Bibliografía.
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