Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with phosphate ions (LDH-phosphate) was synthesized by ionexchange method from a precursor containing nitrate ions between the layers. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis coupled to differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry (TGA-DSC-MS), specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. We hypothesized that LDH-phosphate can be used as a slow release fertilizer and help increase phosphate fertilization efficiency in tropical weathered soils. This new fertilizer technology was tested in a kinetic study of P release and a bioassay with controlled conditions of light, humidity, and temperature using maize (Zea mays) as our indicator plant. The bioassay was performed using an adaptation of the Neubauer method, wherein the LDHphosphate was compared to the commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer in two different weathered soils: a sandy soil and a clayey soil. Under the bioassay experimental conditions, LDH-phosphate increased plant productivity (mass of dry matter), height, and the content of phosphorus (P) in the dry matter. In addition, LDH-phosphate promoted an increase in the soil pH value, contributing to decrease the P adsorption capacity of the soil, making it more available to the plants.
RESUMO -Avaliou-se o efeito de três sistemas de aquecimento de aviários no conforto térmico e no desempenho de pintos de corte criados no inverno na Região Sul do Brasil. Utilizaram-se três galpões avícolas com 17.700 aves (Cobb) por galpão, em dois lotes de criação. Os sistemas de aquecimento avaliados foram: fornalha a lenha (aquecimento indireto do ar); campânulas infravermelhas a gás; e tambores de aquecimento por radiação com aquecimento suplementar de campânulas infravermelhas a gás. Para avaliação do ambiente térmico e do desempenho animal, foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três sistemas de aquecimento, em dois lotes de criação. Nas duas primeiras semanas de vida das aves, o sistema de tambor + campânulas é o mais eficiente em manter a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar na condição de conforto térmico das aves. Consequentemente, propicia melhores ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e eficiência produtiva.Palavras-chave: ambiência animal, avicultura de corte, pintinhos Thermal comfort and performance of chicks submitted to different heating systems during winterABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different poultry house heating systems on the thermal comfort and performance of broiler chicks during the winter period, in the southern region of Brazil. Three buildings were used, each containing 17,700 broiler chickens (Cobb), during two complete productive cycles. Three heating systems were evaluated: furnace with indirect air heating; infrared heater and radiant experimental "drum" system with an infrared supplemental heating system. In order to evaluate the thermal environment and animal performance, a randomized block experimental design with three heating system was used, in two complete productive cycles. In the first two weeks after birth, the radiant experimental "drum" system is the most efficient in maintaining the air temperature and relative humidity in thermal comfort condition of the broiler chicks and, consequently, result in the best results of weigh gain, dietary conversion and efficient production.
The adsorption of textile dyes onto Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and their thermally decomposed products is a promising strategy for the treatment of contaminated effluents-combining high removal efficiency with reasonable cost. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the adsorption of textile azo dye Acid Yellow 42 (AY) onto calcined and uncalcined Mg-Al-CO 3-LDH. A set of analytical techniques was used to characterize the materials, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the study of azo dye adsorption, the following factors were assessed: kinetics, adsorption capacity, effect of temperature, initial pH value, and recyclability of the adsorbent material. The adsorption capacity of calcined LDH (CLDH) was almost four times greater than that of the LDH precursor: 1266 mg•g −1 (1.669 mmol•g −1) and 330.0 mg•g −1 (0.4350 mmol•g −1), respectively, at pH equal to 7.0 and 25°C. The greater adsorption capacity for CLDH is related to the recovery property of these materials in light of the so called "memory effect", which allows an intercalation process of the anionic dye, as demonstrated by XRD data.
The current research aims to introduce Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as nanomaterials to be used in agriculture, with particular reference to its use as storage and slow release matrix of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant growing. Structural characteristics, main properties, synthesis methods and characterization of LDH were covered in this study. Moreover, some literature data have been reported to demonstrate their potential for storage and slow release of nitrate, phosphate, agrochemicals, besides as being used as adsorbent for the wastewater treatment. This research aims to expand, in near future, the investigation field on these materials, with application in agriculture, increasing the interface between chemistry and agronomy.
Fertilizer application at variable rates requires dense sampling to determine the resulting field spatial variability. Defining management zones is a technique that facilitates the variable-rate application of agricultural inputs. The apparent electrical conductivity of the soil is an important factor in explaining the variability of soil physical-chemical properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to define management zones for coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) production fields based on spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil. The resistivity method was used to measure the apparent soil electrical conductivity. Soil samples were collected to measure the chemical and physical soil properties. The maps of spatial variability were generated using ordinary kriging method. The fuzzy k-means algorithm was used to delimit the management zones. To analyze the agreement between the management zones and the soil properties, the kappa coefficients were calculated. The best results were obtained for the management zones defined using the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil and the digital elevation model. In this case, the kappa coefficient was 0.45 for potassium, which is an element that is associated with quality coffee. The other variable that had a high kappa coefficient was remaining phosphorous; the coefficient obtained was 0.49. The remaining phosphorus is an important parameter for determining which fertilizers and soil types to study.
RESUMOParâmetros de qualidade podem alterar significativamente o preço do café; entretanto, a colheita seletiva dos frutos é frequentemente associada à boa qualidade do produto, procedimento que pode ser realizado por meio de vibrações mecânicas. Desta forma, o estudo e a avaliação do efeito localizado de fatores como frequência, amplitude e grau de maturação dos frutos, são fundamentais para construção de máquinas adequadas a este tipo de prática. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de se avaliar os fatores frequência, amplitude, grau de maturação, direção de excitação e número de frutos por pedúnculo, na eficiência de derriça. Para a realização dos ensaios de vibração em laboratório utilizou-se uma máquina vibradora eletromagnética. Amplitudes na faixa de 3,75 a 7,50 mm e frequências na faixa de 13,33 a 26,67 Hz foram testadas para a variedade Mundo Novo, em que os resultados mostraram que a frequência de 26,67 Hz apresentou uma eficiência maior de derriça para os frutos cereja e a amplitude de 7,5 mm indicou maior eficiência de derriça. Verificou-se, também, que o número de frutos por pedúnculo influencia a eficiência de derriça dos frutos de café da variedade Mundo Novo. Palavras-chave: vibrações mecânicas, mecanização, colheita, grau de maturaçãoFrequency and amplitude of vibration on coffee harvesting ABSTRACT Quality parameters influence directly the coffee price. However, selective coffee harvesting is frequently associated to good quality of this product. This procedure can be performed by mechanical vibration. Therefore, the study of the frequency and amplitude parameters is important for the design of a specific harvesting machine. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the coffee variety and the ripeness condition of the fruits upon the harvesting efficiency. The vibration tests were done in laboratory using an electromagnetic shaker. The tests were done using amplitudes in the range of 3.75 to 7.50 mm and frequencies in the range of 13.33 to 16.67 Hz. Branches of coffee plants of Mundo Novo variety were tested. The highest harvesting efficiency was obtained when using the 26.67 Hz frequency of vibration. The highest harvesting efficiency was obtained when an amplitude of 7.5 mm was used. It was also observed that the number of fruits per stem influences the harvesting efficiency of the coffee fruits of the Mundo Novo variety.
ABSTRACT.Harvesting is one of the most important operations in coffee production systems. This operation has a high cost and impact on the final quality of the product. To reduce production costs, producers are looking for ways to mechanize this operation. Harvesting machines generally detach fruits from the coffee plant by vibration and/or impact. The objective of this work was to study the effect of the amplitude and frequency of vibration on the efficiency of coffee fruit harvesting. Vibration tests of coffee branches were performed in a laboratory using an electromagnetic shaker. The tests were performed using amplitudes in the range of 3.75 to 7.50 mm and frequencies from 13.33 to 26.67 Hz. Coffee branches from two different varieties were used for evaluation, Catuaí Vermelho and Mundo Novo. It was verified that harvesting efficiency is directly related to the acceleration reached by the fruits during the harvesting process. The frequencies of 23.33 and 26.67 Hz and amplitudes of 6.25 and 7.50 mm resulted in the highest harvesting efficiency of ripe coffee cherries for both varieties. However, the harvesting efficiency for the Mundo Novo variety was higher than that of the Catuaí Vermelho variety at the studied frequency and amplitude ranges in this work.Key words: coffee, harvesting, harvesting efficiency, ripeness stage.RESUMO. Análise do processo de derriça do café utilizando uma máquina vibradora eletromagnética. A colheita é uma das operações mais importantes no sistema de produção do café pelo seu elevado custo e ao impacto que tem na qualidade do produto final. Para reduzir os custos de produção, têm-se buscado formas de mecanizar essa operação. As máquinas de colheita de café geralmente derriçam os frutos por meio de vibrações mecânicas e impacto. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da amplitude e da frequência de vibração sobre a eficiência de derriça dos frutos de café. Para isso, ensaios usando uma máquina vibradora eletromagnética foram realizados em laboratório. Foram testadas amplitudes na faixa de 3,75 a 7,50 mm e frequências na faixa de 13,33 a 26,67 Hz. Os testes foram conduzidos utilizando-se ramos das variedades Catuaí Vermelho e Mundo Novo. A partir da análise dos resultados verificou-se que a eficiência de derriça dos frutos está diretamente relacionada à aceleração imposta aos frutos durante o procedimento de derriça. As frequências entre 23,33 e 26,67 Hz e amplitudes que variam entre 6,25 e 7,50 mm proporcionaram maior eficiência de derriça dos frutos cereja para ambas as variedades estudadas. A eficiência de derriça por vibração na variedade Mundo Novo foi superior à da variedade Catuaí Vermelho para os intervalos de frequência e amplitudes avaliados.Palavras-chave: café, colheita, eficiência de derriça, estádio de maturação.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.