Background
Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that aims to correct the typical changes that occur with aging to the periorbital area. The outcomes of this surgery are aesthetic, as well as functional. Many studies have described an impact on the cornea, intraocular pressure, dry eye syndrome, and visual quality. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the different surgical techniques and their outcomes.
Methods
The authors performed a literature review through online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and CENTRAL libraries. Information was collected about the surgery techniques and the functional and aesthetic outcomes as well as complications of the interventions. Six types of upper blepharoplasty surgery were studied. Data were analyzed using Cochrane RevMan.
Results
Twenty studies were included in our systematic review and nine in our meta-analysis. We presented results about intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, flattest keratometry, steepest keratometry, corneal astigmatism, visual acuity, Schirmer test 1 and 2, tear film break-up time and the ocular surface disease index questionnaire, according to type of surgery. Our meta-analysis showed no significant results.
Conclusions
No significant results were found; however, many studies reported an impact of upper blepharoplasty surgery in the outcomes studied. Only a small number of complications were reported, and patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes.
Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266.
Lower limb lymphorrhea is a condition with a considerable impact on the quality of life. It is usually associated with inguinal lymph node dissection and vascular procedures with femoral exposure. In this case report, we describe a patient who underwent a below-knee amputation and two years later developed lymphorrhea from the stump, preventing adaptation to the prosthesis. Lymphoscintigraphy showed a delayed lymphatic progression. After failure of conservative treatment, she underwent lymphaticovenular anastomosis with a successful outcome. Drainage cessation suggests that lymphaticovenular anastomosis may be an effective treatment for patients with lymphorrhea from and amputation stump, although further studies are required to determine long-term efficacy.
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