Perennial forage crops used in crop-livestock integration (cLi) are able to accumulate large amounts of straw on the soil surface in no-tillage system (nts). in addition, they can potentially produce large amounts of soluble organic compounds that help improving the efficiency of liming in the subsurface, which favors root growth, thus reducing the risks of loss in yield during dry spells and the harmful effects of "overliming". the aim of this study was to test the effects of liming on two models of agricultural production, with and without crop-livestock integration, for 2 years. thus, an experiment was conducted in a Latossolo Vermelho (oxisol) with a very clayey texture located in an agricultural area under the nts in Bandeirantes, Pr, Brazil. Liming was performed to increase base saturation (v) to 65, 75, and 90 % while one plot per block was maintained without the application of lime (control). A randomized block experimental design was adopted arranged in split-plots and four plots/block, with four replications. the soil properties evaluated were: ph in cacl 2 , soil organic matter (som), ca, mg, k, Al, and P. the effects of liming were observed to a greater depth and for a long period through mobilization of ions in the soil, leading to a reduction in som and Al concentration and an increase in ph and the levels of Ca and Mg. In the first crop year, adoption of CLI led to an increase in the levels of k and mg and a reduction in the levels of som; however, in the second crop year, the rate of decline of SOM decreased compared to the decline observed in the first crop year, and the level of k increased, whereas that of P decreased. the extent of the effects of liming in terms of depth and improvement in the root environment from the treatments were observed only partially from the changes observed in the chemical properties studied.keywords: Brachiaria ruziziensis, no-tillage system, ion mobility.
Desde outubro do ano 2000, 42 famílias de trabalhadores rurais “sem terra” encontram-se assentados numa área de 465,84 ha denominada “Fazenda Akolá”, localizada no município de Londrina-PR. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a evolução pedológica numa topossequência para possibilitar inferências utilizáveis no seu manejo racional. Assim, foram escolhidos quatro perfis pedológicos, posicionados no topo do morro e nos terços superior, médio e inferior da vertente, respectivamente identificados por P1, P2, P3 e P4. Os óxidos de Si, Fe e Al foram determinados por ataque sulfúrico, os argilominerais foram identificados por difratometria de raios X e a os minerais da fração areia fina por microscopia óptica. A mineralogia da fração argila dos solos estudados revelou-se bastante similar, com predomínio de caulinita, seguido de gibbsita e raros cristais de clorita e/ou vermiculita dioctaedral (aluminosa), além de quartzo. As fotomicrografias da fração areia muito fina, por sua vez, mostraram no geral, um predomínio de minerais opacos (magnetita, ilmenita, hematita/maghemita e goethita), raros grãos de quartzo detrítico, anatásio, zircão, turmalina e argilominerais, com ou sem impregnação de óxidos/hidróxidos de ferro. Os índices de intemperismo (Ki e Kr) e o teor de ferro extraído pelo ditionito de sódio revelaram que a evolução pedogenética dos solos é crescente no sentido jusante a montante (P4→P3→P2→P1) e decrescente em profundidade. Também evidenciaram que os índices de intemperismo estão mais correlacionados com a quantidade do que com a variabilidade dos minerais encontrados na fração argila, e que os solos estudados estão sofrendo predominantemente o processo de dessilicatização em relação ao da ressilicatização. A presença de quartzo na fração argila e quartzo detrítico na fração areia sugere que o material de origem dos solos teve contribuições de outras formações geológicas.
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