OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para língua portuguesa o questionário Scoring of Patellofemoral Disorders. MÉTODOS: 40 participantes foram selecionados entre fisioterapeutas e indivíduos leigos. O procedimento de tradução para língua portuguesa foi baseado em métodos padronizados. A escala original passou por 7 etapas até se obter a versão final em português da Escala de Desordens Patelofemorais. Em cada teste participaram 40 indivíduos, sendo 20 indivíduos leigos e 20 fisioterapeutas. O nível de não compreensão aceitável foi de até 10% dos entrevistados. RESULTADOS: No 1º teste apenas as questões 3 não foram compreendidas por mais de 10% dos participantes entrevistados, ocasionando a reaplicação do questionário. Já no 2° teste, apenas duas questões foram compreendidas por 90% dos entrevistados e as demais questões compreendidas por mais de 90%, não ocorrendo dúvidas entre os fisioterapeutas. Utilizou-se então a 2ª versão em português como versão final para a Escala de Desordens Patelofemorais. CONCLUSÃO: A escala Scoring of Patellofemoral Disorders foi traduzida e a adaptada culturalmente para língua portuguesa, tendo como título em português, Escala de Desordens Patelofemorais. Nível de Evidência II. Estudos diagnósticos, Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.
Methods: Male, ten week old C57Bl/6 mice (n¼91) underwent a sham surgery (n¼15) or modified PMM surgery (n¼76) in the left hind limb. Three and six weeks post-injury 5x10 5 hUC-MSCs (isolated from three individual UC donors, Donors 1-3) were injected intra-articularly and joints were harvested eight and twelve weeks post-injury, respectively. Sham groups and PMM controls (both receiving no cells) were included at both time points. Histomorphometric analyses of the knee joints were obtained using micro-computed tomography (m-CT) and the OARSI semi-quantitative scoring system was used to assess the histopathology throughout the knee joint on safranin-O and fast green stained sections (minimum of 8 sections per knee, 10mm apart). These were scored by three scorers, to yield a max score (0-6) for each of the four joint quadrants (medial femoral condyle (MFC), medial tibial plateau (MTP), lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) throughout the knee joint. A summed score (0-72, where a higher score signifies increased joint degeneration) was also obtained from the highest three scoring sections per knee. Synovitis was also scored by three scorers, on one H&E-stained section midway through the joint. The inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-y), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were analysed using custom mesoscale discovery (MSD) biomarker assays in murine plasma at the 12week time point. Results: Micro-CT analysis revealed osteoarthritic changes in all the PMM joints, with joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation. The median joint space following PMM on the medial side in the control group was significantly less than in the sham operated knees at eight weeks (PMM¼4.5mm, sham¼42.8mm; p¼0.02) and at 12 weeks (PMM¼0mm; sham¼51.8mm; p¼0.0003). The injection of hUC-MSCs from the three cord donors resulted in variable outcomes in the treated mice. PMMoperated mice (n¼8 at 12 weeks) that received hUC-MSCs from Donor 1 had a significantly (p¼0.02) preserved joint space compared with the PMM control; this significance was not seen at 8 weeks, whereas Donors 2 and 3 showed no significance at either time point. All PMM treatment groups had a greater number of osteophytes than sham operated knees at the 8 week time point, whilst at 12 weeks, only joints that received hUC-MSCs from Donor 3 and the PMM control had significantly more osteophytes than the sham control. Hence Donors 1 and 2 showed no significant difference to the sham control. There were only minimal changes observed in the epiphyseal subchondral bone thickness and bone:total volume at both time points across all treatment groups. All PMM groups (with and without implantation of hUC-MSCs) had a significantly higher (worse) summed joint score than the sham control at 8 weeks, but there was no significant difference at 12 weeks. When looking at the maximum scores for the medial vs the l...
Al de siempre, al Dr. Miguel Santos del Rey, porque los momentos malos no eran tan malos y los buenos se volvieron mejores. Gracias por ocho (o nueve) años de composición corporal. A uno más, pero no uno cualquiera. Al Dr. Francisco Javier Martín Vallejo, por desencriptar el ambiguo lenguaje de los números para un neófito en la materia. "La estadística puede no ser fácil, pero sí comprensible…", nada más cierto. Luz en un camino oscuro. Al Dr. José Ramón García-Talavera, por poner a disposición de este doctorando instrumental, saber y paciencia, y a la Dra. Esther Martín y D a. Paloma García-Talavera porque recoger datos a su lado se convierte en un verdadero placer. A las Dras. Peláez y Arévalo, porque sin ellas, el Estudio Salmantino no sonreiría tan a menudo. A mis alumnos, voz, aliento y elixir de juventud para las, en ocasiones, peregrinas ganas de seguir.
IntroductionAlthough compression is used to control pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), its clinical application is poorly supported, and there is a lack of scientific evidence to support its clinical use. As a low-cost and accessible protocol, compression using elastic bands could be a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain and improve physical function in individuals with KOA. This study aims to evaluate the effects of compression on pain and function in individuals with KOA.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled clinical trial will be conducted. Individuals with KOA (n=90; both sexes; between 40 and 75 years old) will be allocated to three groups (n=30/group): compression (compression by the elastic bandage on the affected knee, once a day for 20 min, on four consecutive days); sham (same protocol, but the elastic band is placed around the affected knee without compression) and control (no intervention). The individuals in the three groups will be evaluated 1 day before the first intervention, 1 day after the last intervention, and at the 12th and 24th weeks after the end of the intervention. Pain intensity by the Visual Analogue Scale and pain scale from Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) will be the primary outcomes. The secondary variables will be physical function assessed by the WOMAC questionnaire and physical tests (step test; 30 s sit and stand test; 40 m accelerated walk test). The Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC) will also be applied to quantify the volunteers’ perceived change.Ethics and disseminationThe project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil (3955692). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04724902.
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