The human coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is an essential cofactor for the proteolytic activation of factor X. FVIII is activated by thrombin and blood coagulation factor Xa; factor IXa (FIXa) activates factor X (FXa), requiring Ca 2+ , phospholipids, and activated Factor VIII (FVIIIa) (Schmidt et al. 2005). FVIII and von Willebrand factor (VWF) form a non-covalently bound complex. This complex (FVIII/ VWF) circulates in the human plasma, is critical to homeostasis, and normally exists in inactive form. The binding of FVIII to VWF is essential for the survival of FVIII in vivo (Kaufman and Pipe 1999). Deficiencies or structural defects in FVIII are responsible for the most common inherited bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease (Lillicrap 2008).FVIII is a polypeptide of 2332 amino acids, synthesized in the liver by parenchyma cells and hepatic sinusoidal endothelium cells, as well as by the pulmonary endothelium. FVIII has several glycosylation sites that appear to be important in its circulation kinetics. This factor possesses N-glycosydically linked glycans, which are characterized by a N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc)-asparagine inner core and are relevant for the folding and productive secretion of FVIII, and O-glycosydically glycans, which are characterized by N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc)-serine/threonine and are involved in determining protein conformation and interact with other glycoproteins. FVIII possesses two unusual mannosylated sites that can be recognized by mannose receptors on Kupffer cells (Dasgupta et al. 2007).
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