In this study, acerola pulp and acerola pomace were freeze dried with and without gum Arabic (GA) and analyzed in regard to their physicochemical attributes, bioactive content, and phytochemical stability (total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity), during storage at 4 o C and 25 o C. The freeze dried products were highly porous and had low water activity (0.273 to 0.300). Freeze dried acerola pulp with GA were the most soluble samples (64.1% to 73.7 %). The addition of GA to freeze dried acerola pomace increased samples hygroscopicity from 4.5% to 11.1%. High ascorbic acid retention in freeze dried acerola pulp was observed for all samples (65.2 % at 25 °C and 88.9% at 4 °C). It was observed that freeze dried acerola pomace showed increased
Acerola fruit is one of the richest natural sources of ascorbic acid ever known. As a consequence, acerola fruit and its products are demanded worldwide for the production of health supplements and the development of functional products. However, the analytical determination of ascorbic acid is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we show a non-destructive, reliable, and fast method to measure the ascorbic acid content in intact acerola, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) associated with multivariate calibration methods. Models using variable selection by means of interval partial least squares (iPLS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) were tested. The best model for ascorbic acid content, based on the prediction performance, was the GA-PLS method with second derivative spectral pretreatment, with a root mean square error of cross-validation equal to 22.9 mg/100 g, root mean square error of prediction equal to 46.3 mg/100 g, ratio of prediction to deviation equal to 8.0, determination coefficient for calibration equal to 0.98 and determination coefficient for prediction equal to 0.96. The current methodology, using NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, is a promising and rapid tool to determine the ascorbic acid content of intact acerola fruit.
RESUMO -O Brasil possui grandes indústrias processadoras de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.), as quais geram volumes consideráveis de resíduos agroindustriais. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o teor bioativo desse resíduo, através da determinação do teor de compostos fenólicos totais (método de Folin-Ciocalteu), ácido ascórbico (titulométrico), carotenoides (método espectrofotométrico) e atividade antioxidante (radical DPPH). A secagem foi conduzida em secador convectivo a temperatura de 70 º C e velocidade do ar 5 m/s. Foram observados valores expressivos de ácido ascórbico (47,58 mg/100 g) e carotenoides (262,01 µg/100 g) no resíduo seco. O material também apresentou quantidade relevante de compostos fenólicos (133,73 mg GAE/100 g) e boa atividade antioxidante (9,06 µmol TE/g). Os resultados mostram a presença de importantes fitoquímicos no resíduo desidratado da goiaba vermelha, sendo ele um potencial ingrediente para a indústria de alimentos.
RESUMO -O processamento industrial do caju gera volumes consideráveis de resíduos agroindustriais e uma das alternativas de aproveitamento desse resíduo é a secagem convectiva, técnica flexível e de baixo custo. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho avalia o impacto da secagem convectiva a 80 o C sobre os compostos fenólicos totais (método de Folin-Ciocalteu), ácido ascórbico (titulometria), carotenoides (espectrofotometria) e atividade antioxidante (radical DPPH) do resíduo de caju. Os valores de retenção foram calculados tendo o resíduo in natura como grupo controle. O resíduo de caju mostrou considerável retenção nos teores de fenólicos (52,4%), carotenoides (75,0%) e atividade antioxidante (60,2%), mas o ácido ascórbico sofreu significante impacto da secagem e apresentou retenção de apenas 24,9%. Apesar das perdas decorrentes do processo, o resíduo de caju seco apresentou elevado teor residual de compostos bioativos, o que demonstra sua potencialidade como ingrediente funcional para a formulação de alimentos. Palavras chave: resíduo de caju, impacto do processamento, secagem convectiva.
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