Growing up in vulnerable conditions has an impact on children and adolescents’ mental health and well-being outcomes. However, this evidence has rarely been obtained in middle and low-income countries like Guatemala, where food insecurity and exposure to violence frequently threaten childhood development. The aim of this study was to analyse the relations that sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors have with psychological adjustment of low-socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalan children and adolescents, and how these relations were mediated by food insecurity and exposure to violence. A total of 185 participants (50.8% girls; aged between 6 to 17, M = 11.82, SD = 3.7) from three vulnerable schools located in rural and urban areas of Guatemala were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly moderates the effect of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in measures of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life. Adolescents more exposed to violence reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, as well as lower levels of health-related quality of life. In contrast, food insecurity did not seem to influence psychological adjustment outcomes in this low-SES sample. These findings highlight the relevance of exposure to violence for mental health and well-being, and is a factor that should be considered when designing public health policies to promote children and adolescents’ welfare.
La incorporación de la parentalidad positiva al trabajo con familias ha supuesto la adopción de un enfoque de intervención proactivo y capacitador que sitúa los programas de educación parental en el ámbito de la prevención y promoción como punta de lanza en el apoyo a las familias, para que cumplan adecuadamente las tareas relacionadas con el cuidado y la educación de sus hijos e hijas. En este trabajo se describe el programa Apego, una iniciativa de carácter psicoeducativo dirigida a promover la parentalidad positiva desde el contexto sanitario en el ámbito de la promoción y prevención primaria. A la luz de las características del programa, se discuten sus fortalezas y debilidades según los estándares de calidad actuales en el trabajo con familias.
Las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales en materia de promoción de parentalidad positiva reconocen la necesidad de apoyar a las familias para un ejercicio adecuado de sus funciones educativas, particularmente a aquellas que se encuentran situaciones de riesgo psicosocial. Estas recomendaciones sitúan a los servicios municipales como las instituciones idóneas para garantizar dicho apoyo. En este trabajo se presenta el Programa de Promoción de Parentalidad Positiva en Polígono Sur (5P’s), una iniciativa de carácter psicoeducativo y comunitario que surge, fundamentalmente, por la necesidad de disponer de materiales y recursos específicos para familias que, por su situación de particular vulnerabilidad, por sus propios valores culturales, así como por las particularidades del barrio en el que habitan (una zona de necesidad de transformación social), no se beneficiarían de otros programas ya existentes. A lo largo de este trabajo se describen los contenidos del programa, su estructura y el diseño de evaluación previsto y se discuten sus fortalezas y retos futuros.
ObjectiveTo compare the distribution of housework and childcare and satisfaction with work‐life balance resources among female same‐sex and different‐sex parenting couples in Spain and Sweden, and their association with life satisfaction.BackgroundSame‐sex couples have generally reported higher levels of co‐responsibility than their different‐sex counterparts in terms of housework and childcare. It has yet to be determined whether these differences are maintained in countries with different public gender equality and family policies.MethodStructured interviews were held with 154 mothers who lived with their partner and had children under 13 years of age: 89 from Spain (65 with different‐sex partners and 24 with same‐sex partners) and 65 from Sweden (27 with different‐sex partners and 38 with same‐sex partners). Interviews focused on the distribution within the couple of housework and childcare, problems related to work‐life balance, satisfaction with work‐life balance resources and life satisfaction.ResultsDifferences were observed in the division of labor between same‐sex and different‐sex couples in Spain but not in Sweden. Spanish different‐sex couples reported a less equal distribution of housework and childcare than their Swedish counterparts. Same‐sex couples were as equal in their division of labor in Spain as in Sweden. Satisfaction with housework distribution and personal time availability positively predicted life satisfaction, whereas problems related to work‐life balance negatively predicted it.ConclusionFemale same‐sex couples, in the microsystem, and public gender equality policies in the macro‐system, are encouraging a process of “de‐gendering” of family labor, promoting co‐responsibility in couples, and thereby fostering their psychological well‐being.
En este artículo se pretende conocer el efecto en las familias homoparentales españolas de la aprobación del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en 2005. Se entrevistó a 66 familias, encabezadas por parejas de lesbianas (48) o de gays (18), que llevaban juntas al menos desde 2004 y tenían hijos o hijas menores de edad en común. Se buscaba evaluar su grado de apertura (coming out) y la aceptación que percibían en distintos contextos antes y después de la legalización del matrimonio, con el objetivo de saber si se vieron influidos por ello. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, tras aprobarse la ley, aumentó tanto el grado de apertura como la aceptación percibida en todos los contextos estudiados (amistades, familia y ámbito laboral). Los datos se relacionan con la literatura científica y se discuten a la luz de sus implicaciones para el desarrollo de políticas de integración de las familias homoparentales.
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