This study aimed to identify the meaning of acute myocardial infarction for patients, on the basis of their experiences reports. Given the nature of the problem, this descriptive study used Symbolic Interactionism as a methodological reference framework. Data where obtained through semi-structured interviews with thirteen patients, diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction, admitted at a coronary center of a specialized public hospital in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Data analysis enabled us to identify that "Having an acute myocardial infarction according to the patient's perspective" was predominantly unexplained, generating negative and sudden feelings.
Fortaleza (CE) -Brasil 2) Instituto Dr. José Frota (IJF) -Fortaleza (CE) -Brasil 3) Universidade Estadual do Ceará -UECE -Fortaleza (CE) -Brasil 4) Universidade Federal do Ceará -UFC -Fortaleza (CE) -Brasil 5) Faculdade de Medicina Christus e Hosp. de Saúde Mental de Messejana -Fortaleza (CE) -Brasil Recebido em: 08/09/2011 Revisado em: 30/01/2012 Aceito em: 07/02/2012 PREVENÇÃO DAS DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES NAS PESSOAS EM RECUPERAÇÃO DO USO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS Prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients recovering from use of psychoactive substances RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento das pessoas em recuperação do uso de substâncias psicoativas sobre os fatores de risco das doenças cardiovasculares após realização de atividade educativa. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado em hospital psiquiátrico público do Ceará, com amostra de 36 pessoas internadas na unidade de desintoxicação que concordaram em participar do estudo, maiores de 18 anos, orientadas e conscientes. Utilizou-se um formulário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e aferir o grau de conhecimento sobre as doenças cardiovasculares e seus fatores de risco, antes e após a realização de atividades de educação em saúde. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que inicialmente, 19 (52,8%) pessoas afirmaram não conhecer nenhuma doença cardiovascular e depois da atividade esse número caiu para 4 (11% ). Foi avaliada, ainda, a referência aos fatores de risco para doenças do aparelho circulatório, quando se constatou que, antes da atividade educativa, 22 (61%) desconheciam estes fatores, outros 14 (39%) citaram de um a dois, principalmente a alimentação rica em gorduras e o uso de drogas ilícitas, após a atividade apenas 3 (8%) desconheciam e os outros 33 (92%) passaram a citar uso de drogas lícitas, obesidade, sedentarismo. Conclusão: A atividade educativa ocasionou uma mudança significativa no conhecimento dos participantes acerca do tema explorado, o que poderá gerar melhora no estilo de vida do paciente e de sua família.
Recent perspectives on Pedagogy for Early Childhood Education emphasize children's participation in line with the Children's Rights Convention. The study aimed to analyse how children's rights are dealt with during recess in a school (Early Childhood and Primary Education) in Portugal. The aims were: to characterize the style of the adult (teaching assistants) and the interactions that are established with the children at the playground/recess, and analyse them in terms of children's rights. The qualitative approach was based on the observation during the recess for three weeks. The Adult Style Observation Schedule for Early Childhood Education (ASOS-ECE) was used to register and code the dynamics of six teaching assistants (3 ECE and 3 PE). Critical incidents were also registered. Statistical analysis of the ASOS-ECE levels were complemented with the content analysis of the notes. The playground space was quite limited and affected children's play and well-being. The outdoor playground was never used for the Early Childhood classes, only for Primary Education students but with little supervision. Children were often deprived of playground time by decision of the teaching assistants, as punishment. The results obtained through the Adult Style Observation Schedule for Early Childhood Education (ASOS-ECE) are not satisfactory and are below what would meet the minimum quality value (3,5). For Early Childhood Education, sensibility is the most valued dimension but with very low levels (<2,5). For Primary Education it was autonomy that scored highest (<2,5). The analysis of the notes/critical incidents highlighted articles 12 (expression of own views), 13 (freedom of expression), 19 (protection against violence), 29 (development of personality) and 31 (rest and leisure, play and recreational activities) as being put into question by actions of the adults responsible for the children. Children's rights and well-being need to be put forward in the knowledge base for all adults working with children so that Pedagogy can fulfil its purpose fully.
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