Use of natural medicine has been used by man since time immemorial, and this use has grown considerably in recent times. Thus, this study aims to make a comparator analysis regarding the phytochemical test, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the extracts of the leaves in ethanol and their respective fractions of Citrus limonium (lemon) and Capsicum frutescens L. (chilli pepper). To compare them was observed that ethanol extract of both plants showed the better antioxidant activity, Capsicum frutescens L. with 204.60 ppm and 99.07 ppm with Citrus limonium. With regard to the phenolic content of the hexane extract and lemon extract in ethanol pepper were those that showed a higher content. Overall, it was noted that Citrus limonium excelled both in relation to their antioxidant activity and the phenolic content. KEYWORDS:Citrus limonium, Capsicum frutescens L., Phytochemical test, Antioxidant activity, Total phenols. CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E TESTES QUÍMICOS DOS EXTRATOS DE Citrus limonium (LIMÃO) e
Given the various difficulties to expose the contents of the subject of chemistry is a constant search for alternative materials to facilitate learning. This may partly be due to chemical science to be a significant practical character. However, due to professional educational institutions and material limitations ends up being passed on to the student of predominantly theoretical way, requiring a high degree of abstraction and consequently in their disinterest the same. In this context , we investigated the use of ethanol extracts of various plants, such as: Jitirana (Ipomoea glabra ), Íxora (Ixora coccínea), Centro (Centrosema brasilianum) and Candlebush (Senna alata) flowers, Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fruit and Urucum (Bixa orellana) seeds as an acids and bases natural indicator, from laboratory tests capable of identifying properties demonstrate the pH. Initially we evaluated the variation in the coloration of extracts using for this buffer solutions at pH 3, 7 and 12. Among the cited vegetable flowers Jitirana, ixora and Centro presented activities relevant indicator as staining variants between pH 2:13. The extracts of plants were further added in glass tubes containing buffer solutions with a pH ranging from 2 to 13. The change in color of the extracts showed good activity has the same pH indicator.
O presente trabalho objetivou a investigação da redução da viscosidade do biodiesel de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) através de acetilação enzimática. Foram avaliadas seis variedades de lipases comerciais, Amano Lípase OS de Burkholderia cepacia imobilizada em terra diatomácea, lipase de Candida rugosa, lipase do pâncreas de porco (PPL), Amano PS, Lipozyme RM e a Novozyme. A enzima selecionada foi a Amano Lipase OS imobilizada. Um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 24 foi elaborado com o intuito de encontrar as melhores condições reacionais. Massa de enzima, temperatura, tipo de solvente e doador de grupo acila foram os parâmetros avaliados. Os fatores de maior impacto foram a massa de enzima e o tipo de solvente, sendo uma massa de 10 mg de enzima e hexano como solvente os que resultaram em rendimentos mais elevados (>99%). A alta temperatura influenciou negativamente. O estudo cinético revelou que a reação enzimática se ajustou a um modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem. As medidas das propriedades físico-químicas para o óleo, biodiesel e biodiesel acetilado revelaram bons resultados e condizentes com os limites estabelecidos pelas normas da ANP, dentre elas estão o teor de umidade, índice de acidez, iodo e massa especifica, e para alguns metais, enxofre e fósforo. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi alcançado, conseguiu-se reduzir a viscosidade do biodiesel da mamona em cerca de 50% após acetilação do grupo hidroxila (OH), diminuindo dessa forma a sua polaridade, e melhorando suas propriedades.
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