For AAAs under observation, peak AAA wall stress seems superior to diameter in differentiating patients who will experience catastrophic outcome. Elevated wall stress associated with rupture is not simply an acute event near the time of rupture.

Peak wall stresses calculated in vivo for AAAs near the time of rupture were significantly higher than peak stresses for electively repaired AAAs, even when matched for maximal diameter. Calculation of wall stress with computer modeling of three-dimensional AAA geometry appears to assess rupture risk more accurately than AAA diameter or other previously proposed clinical indices. Stress analysis is practical and feasible and may become an important clinical tool for evaluation of AAA rupture risk.

These data suggest that loss of spatial registration with preoperative images is gravity-dominated and of sufficient extent that attention to errors resulting from misregistration during the course of surgery is warranted.

No abstract

Accurate characterization of harmonic tissue motion for realistic tissue geometries and property distributions requires knowledge of the full three-dimensional displacement field because of the asymmetric nature of both the boundaries of the tissue domain and the location of internal mechanical heterogeneities. The implications of this for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) are twofold. First, for MRE methods which require the measurement of a harmonic displacement field within the tissue region of interest, the presence of 3D motion effects reduces or eliminates the possibility that simpler, lower-dimensional motion field images will capture the true dynamics of the entire stimulated tissue. Second, MRE techniques that exploit model-based elastic property reconstruction methods will not be able to accurately match the observed displacements unless they are capable of accounting for 3D motion effects. These two factors are of key importance for MRE techniques based on linear elasticity models to reconstruct mechanical tissue property distributions in biological samples. This article demonstrates that 3D motion effects are present even in regular, symmetric phantom geometries and presents the development of a 3D reconstruction algorithm capable of discerning elastic property distributions in the presence of such effects. The algorithm allows for the accurate determination of tissue mechanical properties at resolutions equal to that of the MR displacement image in complex, asymmetric biological tissue geometries. Simulation studies in a realistic 3D breast geometry indicate that the process can accurately detect 1-cm diameter hard inclusions with 2.5؋ elasticity contrast to the surrounding tissue. Magn Reson Med 45:827-837, 2001.

No abstract

A finite element-based nonlinear inversion scheme for magnetic resonance (MR) elastography is detailed. The algorithm operates on small overlapping subzones of the total region of interest, processed in a hierarchical order as determined by progressive error minimization. This zoned approach allows for a high degree of spatial discretization, taking advantage of the data-rich environment afforded by the MR. The inversion technique is tested in simulation under high-noise conditions (15% random noise applied to the displacement data) with both complicated user-defined stiffness distributions and realistic tissue geometries obtained by thresholding MR image slices. In both cases the process has proved successful and has been capable of discerning small inclusions near 4 mm in diameter. Magn Reson Med 42:779

Purpose: To describe initial in vivo experiences with a subzone-based, steady-state MR elastography (MRE) method. This sparse collection of in vivo results is intended to shed light on some of the strengths and weaknesses of existing clinical MRE approaches and to indicate important areas of future research. Materials and Methods:Elastic property reconstruction results are compared with data compiled from the limited existing body of published studies in breast elasticity. Mechanical parameter distributions are also investigated in terms of their implications for the nature of biological soft tissue. Additionally, a derivation of the statistical variance of the elastic parameter reconstruction is given and the resulting confidence intervals (CIs) for different parameter solutions are examined.Results: By comparison with existing estimates of the elastic properties of breast tissue, the subzone-based, steadystate MRE method is seen to produce reasonable estimates for the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue. Conclusion:MRE shows potential as an effective way to determine the elastic properties of breast tissue, and may be of significant clinical interest.