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In order to meet the growing market of gerbera, it is necessary to develop studies that maximize its production, especially using organic fertilizer. In order to assess the nutrition and growth of potted gerbera conducted with mineral and organic fertilization, an experiment in a greenhouse was done, located at Western Paraná State University, Brazil. The experimental design was made in randomized blocks, with four replications and five treatments. The treatments were defined according to the source of fertilization, mineral (NPK) or organic. The organic fertilization were obtained by diluting in water four organic compost of poultry slaughter waste, obtained from in the composting process, in order to adjust electrical conductivity. The solution of the compost was used as organic fertigation, making the organic treatments. The liquid organic fertilizer, as well as irrigation of mineral treatment, was performed manually once a day. At the end of vegetative and reproductive periods, the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were quantified in the plant tissue. At the same time, biometric parameters were assessed (number of leaves, plant diameter, leaf area, dry matter of aerial parts, number of heads, inflorescence dry matter, stem height, head diameter and diameter stem). The liquid organic fertilizers, obtained by composting procession of poultry slaughter waste, can be used as alternative source for potted gerbera nutrition, since they provide better or higher culture growth than the mineral fertilizer.

(1):111-120. Potted gerbera is an ornamental plant that is widely commercialized in Brazilian markets. However, information on cultivation techniques is needed to meet growing demand, especially with regard to fertilization. This study was carried out to assess the growth of potted gerbera, Florist Red Black cultivar, with mineral and organic fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at UNIOESTE -Cascavel Campus -PR. The experimental design was composed of randomized blocks with four replicates and five treatments. Treatments were defined according to the fertilization source, which were mineral (NPK) and organic. Organic fertilizers were obtained by diluting in water four organic composts from agroindustrial-waste composting processes. After obtaining composts, water dilution was performed, adjusting the nutritive solution electrical conductivity values. Gerbera plants were assessed fortnightly (0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days after acclimatization) for leaf area and shoot dry matter, which were adjusted for time using the ANACRES program to obtain the leaf area ratio (LAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR). Fifty-six days after acclimatization, plants were assessed for number of leaves, plant diameter, leaf area, leaves and inflorescences dry phytomass, stem height, head diameter, and stem diameter. The highest relative growth rates were obtained in plants grown with organic compost in treatment 3. However, the net assimilation rate, which indicates dry matter conversion efficiency, was highest in plants with chemical fertilization (treatment 1).

The cultivation of gerberas as cut flowers has been broadly studied. With the purpose of assess the production and visual quality of potted gerberas conducted with different fertilizations, the experiment was performed in a greenhouse located at UNIOESTE -Campus of Cascavel -Parana -Brazil. The experimental design was done in randomized blocks with four repetitions and five treatments. The treatments were defined based on the fertilization source: mineral (NPK) or organic. The organic fertilizations were obtained with the dilution of four organic composts derived from the composting process of agro-industrial wastes in water. The agro-industrial waste, used in different percentages in each treatment, were: grains pre-cleaning residues (corn meal and wheat husk); hatchery waste; flotation sludge; cellulose casing (sausage covering); solid fraction of pig slurry (Piglet Producer Unit) and truck washing; coal and ash remaining from boiler; poultry litter and sugarcane bagasse. The growth parameters were evaluated at the commercialization phase (plant height and diameter, stem height, capitulum number, and capitulum and stem diameter) and sensory analysis through trait and preference assessment tests. The use of liquid organic fertilizers are a feasible alternative to substitute conventional mineral fertilization. Farmers should observe EC values and K, Ca, Mg ratio for better quality assurance according to the results obtained in T 5 . The T 5 (Boiler remaining ash + Hatchery residue) has a larger amount of boiler remaining ash, whereas the chemical elements in mineral form are already readily available to the plants, this fact may have contributed to better visual development of plants grown in this treatment. Keywords: Liquid organic fertilizer, Gerbera jamesonii, mineral nutrition. RESUMOAnálise sensorial e pós colheita de gérbera envasada em função da adubação O cultivo de gérberas como flor de corte tem sido amplamente difundido na literatura. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e a qualidade visual de gérberas envazadas conduzidas com adubações diferenciadas, o experimento foi conduzido em estufa, localizada na UNIOESTE -Câmpus de Cascavel -PR. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função da fonte da adubação, mineral (NPK) ou orgânica. As adubações orgânicas foram obtidas pela diluição em água de quatro compostos orgânicos provenientes do processo de compostagem de resíduos agroindustriais. Os resíduos agroindustriais, que foram utilizados em diferentes porcentagens em cada tratamento, foram: resíduos da pré-limpeza de grãos (farelo de milho e casquinha de trigo); resíduos de incubatório; lodo de flotador; tripa celulósica (invólucro de salsicha); fração sólida de dejetos de suínos (Unidade Produtora de Leitões) e da lavagem dos caminhões; carvão e cinzas remanescentes da caldeira; cama de matrizeiro e bagaço de cana. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento no ponto de comercialização (altura e diâmetr...

Soil amendments, such as composts and biochar, are currently widely used as substrates in container gardening. Although different types of wastes have been used in composting, formulating growing mediums for specific plants using different materials is necessary. In the present study, organic substrates comprising mixtures of (a) broiler chicken wastes composted with sugar bagasse, sawdust, urban tree, napier grass, or cotton residues, and (b) five different proportions of biochar (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were used to produce mineral and flavonoid-rich parsley plants. The sawdust-based substrate led to the highest yields (27.86 g pot−1 on average), regardless of the amount of biochar added; however, this substrate resulted in plants with no appreciable antioxidant activities. Plants grown using the tree-based substrate had moderate yields (16.95 g pot−1), and the highest phenolic levels (e.g., 7.93 mg GAE g−1) and antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging activity over 11.17 g TE g−1). Such activities were better described by the presence of apigenin-7-apiosylglucoside and diosmetin-apiosylglucoside. Moderate yields were also obtained with the cotton-based substrate; however, such yields were only obtained at biochar proportions greater than 30%; this substrate led to the highest K contents (47.19 g kg−1). The lowest yields (3.20 g pot−1) and N (20.96 g kg−1), P (1.33 g kg−1), K (33.26 g kg−1), and flavonoid (13.63 mg CE g−1) contents were obtained with the napier-based substrate. However, this substrate led to the production of parsley plants with the highest levels of anthocyanins (0.40 mg CGE g−1), which may have accumulated as stress sensors and defense components. The bagasse-based substrate also led to high yields and appreciable flavonoid contents with 60% biochar. In most cases, no linear relationship was found between the biochar amount and the chemical parameters evaluated. Overall, the substrates formulated using urban tree residues had higher suitability for parsley development than those formulated using sugar bagasse, sawdust, napier grass, or cotton residues.

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The recovery of waste from the broiler production chain (BPC) is consistent with the principles of a circular economy. Besides turning waste into organic compost, its use as substrate for the production of vegetable seedlings further increases its economic value. However, it is necessary to adapt its characteristics to enable its use as substrate. To this end, the addition of boiler remnant charcoal wastes (BCW), another type of waste generated in the BPC, to the organic compost resulting from the composting of BPC waste with different bulking agents (BAs) was studied. The addition of BCW to agro-industrial compost reduced the electrical conductivity (EC) of substrates. Multiple linear regression showed that, of the 13 variables (physical, chemical and physicochemical) studied, three (EC, pH and N content) are sufficient to explain the seedling quality index (SQI). Simple nonlinear regression showed that, in order to achieve higher SQIs and easier removal of clod from tray, an additional 30% in weight of BCW is required for compost, using urban tree pruning, wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse BAs. The use of cotton and Napier grass waste as BAs is not recommended for BPC waste mixtures, as they cause a large increase in substrate EC.

Considering the constant increase in the waste generation from poultry and pigs' husbandries, the main contributions of this study were to verify the potential of biogas production through the anaerobic digestion and co-digestion of the residues generated by these two activities, as well as to highlight the recovery of the nutrients contained in the obtained digestate. The wastes used were poultry litters after six, seven and eight production lots, as well as the sifted wastewater from one Piglets Producer Unit (PPU). Higher biogas production (p <0.05) was observed in the treatments in which anaerobic codigestion was used with the swine wastewater (SW): 0.179; 0.158 and 0.117 m 3 per kg of total solids (TS) added for poultry litters with six, seven and eight lots, respectively. It was concluded that the anaerobic co-digestion between the poultry litter and sifted swine wastewater is the best option for energy and nutrient recycling. No positive relationships were observed in the increase in the number of reuses of litter in the production of biogas and in the concentration of nutrients in the digestate.