Enamel and dentin samples were exposed extraorally to pulsed TEA CO2 lasers with pulse durations of 1 tsec and 0.1 JLsec. The ablation rate is for energy densities above 5 J/cm2 independent of the CO2 laser energy. For 1js long CO2 pulses the ablation rate is 3 pm/pulse for drilling in enamel, and 8 pm/pulse for drilling in dentin. Drilling with 0.1 jis CO2 laser results in lower ablation rates of approximately 1 pm/pulse in enamel, and 4 pm/pulse in dentin. At all experimental energy densities plasma formation is observed, effectively reducing the amount of energy deposition. Compared with these results, experiments with the Er:YAG laser show that 200 ps long Er:YAG laser pulses achieve better ablation in the high energy density range because ablation is not diminished as rapidly by the plasma formation. The Er:YAG laser saturated ablation rates are approximately 60 pm/pulse for drilling in dentin and 40 pm/pulse for drilling in enamel.
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