Herpes Zoster (shingles) is an infection that occurs when varicella-zoster virus reactivates from the latent state. Incidence and severity of Herpes Zoster disease increase with age. Antiviral drugs are the elective treatment; however, prevention of disease reactivation through effective and safe vaccines is available in Italy out-of-pocket from age 65 onwards. The Romagna Local Health Authority (northern Italy) administered catch-up vaccinations in March–May 2022 for immunizations not performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, adherence rates to the catch-up campaign and recall activities adopted in two centers were investigated. The uptakes for only the catch-up vaccinations were 11.4% and 12.4%. Having suffered from Herpes Zoster or having family members who suffered from it would not seem to be drivers of increased uptake. Although sending text-messages to all involved patients was the main motivation for vaccine uptake (85.7–95.1%), word of mouth and web/news advertising also contributed to adoption in Center No. 2. In both centers, the need for greater synergy between public health departments and general practitioners to engage their patients emerged, as did the need for additional recall measures. Studying the main drivers of vaccine hesitancy, especially at the local level, can help in targeting campaigns and catch-up activities in order to achieve widespread acceptance.
It is a characteristic of post-modernity to say that history does not have, or, at least, will not have a direction. A civilizing process is under way, but it is no longer subject to the control of human beings, to government bureaucracy or participatory management by the whole community, in the manner of Thomas More's Utopia. On the other hand, there is the theory that history is made by great figures, Thomas Carlyle's heroes of war and peace, arts and religion, science and technology. The march of cultures and civilizations is spearheaded by heroes, not necessarily by way of self-sacrifice, as in the history of the martyrs, but by the force of ideas, the capacity to argue and mobilize that shapes opinion and speeds up the course of events. According to this view, the milestones of history are, to a great extent, an extension of the biography of iconic figures. Michael Latham, 1 a professor at Cornell University, who died in April, may be considered an example of one of Carlyle's heroes. Born in Africa, he became active in the struggle against inequality and made a great impact on the processes of health and disease at the level of whole populations, both in the former context of patriarchy and/or political, social and economic colonialism, and in the more recent phase of asymmetrical globalization, which creates inequities and generates exclusion. Whether it be in the older context or in its latest manifestation (globalization, a centralized capitalism controlling its peripheral dependents) the binary opposition of health and disease appears to be the corollary of a process with distinct patterns of morbidity and mortality, as shown, for example, by scholars and activists in the field of collective health, such as Nájera In Spain, Breilh in Ecuador, Berlinguer in Italy, and Samuel Pessoa, Josué de Castro and Sérgio Arouca, here in Brazil. In addition to illustrious figures in the field of health, economists, sociologists and political thinkers have also referred to health, in terms of standard epidemiological indices, as an area which tells much about the economic and social well-being of geographical regions, countries and smaller populations. Names that spring to mind include the economist and Nobel laureate, Amartya Sen, 2 Robert Fogel, Gordon Conway (author of the Second Green Revolution) 3 and Ignacy Sachs, specialist in the development of what used to be called Third World, with vast experience of Brazil. These introductory remarks serve to highlight the enormous contribution made to the theory and practice of humanized health-care by Professor Michael Latham, retired (but never inactive) Emeritus Professor at Cornell University, in the United States. Born in Tanzania, in Africa, but educated in the Anglo-American system, Latham has a foot in both worlds and is familiar with their problems, values, lifestyles and development prospects. And he drew on this dual background and outlook in his work as a teacher, researcher and humanistic thinker who addressed the overriding problems in the field of maternal a...
La cooperazione internazionale è spesso presentata come un'area di conoscenza in cui alcuni approcci metodologici misurano i flussi e le relazioni di potere per classificarli in tipologie che li descrivono e generano modelli di analisi. Diventa così parte di un'istituzionalità dove la conoscenza e le pratiche delle relazioni internazionali sono predominanti e ad esse subordinate. Si lasciano attraversare da interessi che fissano i confini dei paesi e assegnano valori gerarchici ai cittadini, secondo il loro inserimento nei sistemi produttivi di ogni paese e nella gerarchia dei paesi. In questa pubblicazione e nell'esperienza che ne deriva, questo approccio non è efficace. Al centro della riflessione non vi è assolutamente la divergenza con le conoscenze accumulate nel campo delle relazioni internazionali. Il focus è piuttosto di tipo metodologico. Invece di flussi geografici ed emisferici (nord-sud, sud-sud), abbiamo qui flussi mossi dalla solidarietà, dal lavoro collaborativo e da un concetto di globalità dove le persone (il popolo, ci ha detto Paulo Freire) sono centraliii. I flussi di cooperazione, in questa modalità di esperienze, hanno molteplici direzioni e si muovono continuamente. Non c'è uno schema di direzione fisso. Quando parliamo di questo lavoro e della collaborazione stessa, parliamo del Laboratorio italo-brasiliano di formazione, ricerca e pratiche in materia di salute collettiva. Il nome inizia con "laboratorio" per evidenziare il modo di produrre, che è alchemico, mescolando i componenti di qui, di là e “tra”. I nostri incontri devono essere inventati ogni anno, in quanto ciò che è stato fatto l'anno precedente non risponde più nello stesso modo e si perseguono altre modalità. Così, incorporiamo l’altro in noi.
The paper describes 2 cases of hepatitis A related to each other and occurring in the context of the same school. We illustrate the sequence of actions taken towards individuals and the community in order to contain the spread of the epidemic outbreak; the key elements of integration and collaboration between the various Services and Authorities involved; the modern tools of information and communication that have been used.
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