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Background: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcome of ocular trauma in southern Italy.

Both techniques, NPDS and PT, without enhancements (ie, implants or antimetabolites) control IOP efficaciously at our end point. Phacoemulsification combined with penetrating and non-penetrating procedures does not seem to interfere with final results. When a lower target IOP and probability of success over time are considered, PT, single or combined, exhibits a better trend. PT, therefore, could be more suitable for higher IOP levels or longer life expectancies.

Aim To verify the safety and efficacy of Ologen (OLO) implant as adjuvant compared with low-dosage mitomycin-C (MMC) in trabeculectomy. Methods This was a prospective randomized clinical trial with a 24-month follow-up. Forty glaucoma patients (40 eyes) were assigned to trabeculectomy with MMC or OLO. Primary outcome includes target IOP at r21, r17, and r15 mm Hg; complete (target IOP without medications), and qualified success (target IOP regardless of medications). Secondary outcomes include bleb evaluation, according to Moorfields Bleb Grading System (MBGS); spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examination; number of glaucoma medications; and frequency of postoperative adjunctive procedures and complications. Results The mean preoperative IOP was 26.5 ( ± 5.2) in MMC and 27.3 ( ± 6.0) in OLO eyes, without statistical significance. One-day postoperatively, the IOP dropped to 5.2 ( ± 3.5) and 9.2 ( ± 5.5) mm Hg, respectively (P ¼ 0.009). The IOP reduction was significant at end point in all groups (P ¼ 0.01), with a mean IOP of 16.0 (±2.9) and 16.5 (±2.1) mm Hg in MMC and OLO, respectively. The rates and Kaplan-Meier curves did not differ for both complete and qualified success at any target IOP. The bleb height in OLO group was higher than MMC one (Po0.05). SD-OCT analysis of successful/ unsuccessful bleb in patients with or without complete success at IOP r17 mm Hg indicated a sensitivity of 83% and 73% and a specificity of 75% and 67%, respectively, for MMC and OLO groups. No adverse reaction to OLO was noted. Conclusions Our results suggest that OLO implant could be a new, safe, and effective alternative to MMC, with similar long-term success rate.

Lutein is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. In particular, lutein is known to improve or even prevent age-related macular disease which is the leading cause of blindness and vision impairment. Furthermore, many studies have reported that lutein may also have positive effects in different clinical conditions, thus ameliorating cognitive function, decreasing the risk of cancer, and improving measures of cardiovascular health. At present, the available data have been obtained from both observational studies investigating lutein intake with food, and a few intervention trials assessing the efficacy of lutein supplementation. In general, sustained lutein consumption, either through diet or supplementation, may contribute to reducing the burden of several chronic diseases. However, there are also conflicting data concerning lutein efficacy in inducing favorable effects on human health and there are no univocal data concerning the most appropriate dosage for daily lutein supplementation. Therefore, based on the most recent findings, this review will focus on lutein properties, dietary sources, usual intake, efficacy in human health, and toxicity.

Purpose: To compare IOP behavior after deep sclerectomy (DS) and trabeculectomy with the Crozafon-De Laage Punch (TP), using low-dosage intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in both techniques. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized clinical trial. All patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were scheduled for glaucoma surgery. Forty patients were randomized to undergo either a nonpenetrating DS with MMC (DSMMC) (19 eyes) or a TP with MMC (TPMMC) (21 eyes). Postoperative examinations were performed at the 1st day, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks and the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months. Postoperative complications, number of antiglaucoma medications and the IOP level were checked at each control. Complete success (without antiglaucoma medications) and qualified success (with or without medications) were assessed at two target IOP levels, namely ≤21 and ≤17 mm Hg in both groups. Moreover, the success rates at ≤21 mm Hg target IOP level were compared with those from previous series of patients who had undergone DS without MMC (historical control group). Results: Data from all eyes were available until the 12th month. The mean preoperative IOP ± SD was 29.6 ± 5.8 mm Hg in DSMMC eyes, 28.0 ± 6.0 in TPMMC eyes; the mean IOP at the 1st postoperative day was 12.5 ± 4.2 and 13.9 ± 6.5 mm Hg, while at the endpoint the mean IOP was 14.5 ± 4.0 and 16.1 ± 3.8, respectively, with significant reduction (p < 0.0005) of the preoperative IOP in both groups. Complete success (≤21 mm Hg target IOP) in 15 eyes (78.9%) of the DSMMC group and in 15 eyes (71.4%) of the TPMMC group was respectively found, while qualified success was achieved in all the eyes. When a ≤17 mm Hg target IOP was considered, complete success in 12 eyes (63.1%) and 13 eyes (61.9%), and qualified success in 13 eyes (68.4%) and 15 eyes (71.4%) were found in the DSMMC and TPMMC groups, respectively. No significant intergroup differences were found in terms of success rate. There is no statistical significance in the Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curves as for complete and qualified success rate in both surgical groups for a ≤17 mm Hg target IOP (log rank, p = 0.918 and p = 0.429, respectively). As for the frequency of postoperative complications, hypotony and shallow anterior chamber were significantly more frequent in TPMMC when compared with the DSMMC group. The historical comparison between the DSMMC group and simple DS cases shows no significant difference between the groups, with a mild positive trend in DSMMC when compared with DS eyes. Conclusions: Both techniques, DSMMC and TPMMC, control IOP efficaciously at our endpoint. Our results indicate that low-dosage MMC can be considered a mild enhancement of DS IOP lowering effect without any negative effect on the well-known intra- and postoperative safety of the technique.

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Aims: To compare the long-term effects of low-dosage mitomycin C (MMC) in both deep sclerectomy (DSMMC) and trabeculectomy (TPMMC) on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: Analysis of extended follow-up of data from a prospective clinical trial. Forty patients were originally randomised to undergo either DSMMC (19 eyes) or TPMMC (21 eyes). Follow-up was performed at postoperative day 1, weeks 1, 2 and 3, as well as months 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48. Two- to three-week data were not included in the statistical analysis. Postoperative complications, number of antiglaucoma medications and IOP were recorded at each visit. Complete (no medications) and qualified (with or without medications) successes were assessed at 2 target IOPs (≤21 and ≤17 mm Hg) and evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: At 48 months, the mean IOP (± SD) was 17.6 ± 3.4 and 17.8 ± 3.6 mm Hg in the DSMMC and TPMMC eyes, respectively, a significant reduction from preoperative IOP in each group (p < 0.0005). Complete success was achieved at the ≤21 mm Hg target IOP in 10 (52.6%) and 14 (66.6%) eyes and qualified success in 15 (78.9%) and 18 (85.7%) eyes in the DSMMC and TPMMC groups, respectively. There were no differences in the Kaplan-Meier curves. Hypotony and shallow anterior chamber were significantly more frequent in the TPMMC group. Conclusions: Either procedure controlled IOP efficaciously at our endpoint. Low-dosage MMC can be considered a mild enhancement of deep sclerectomy IOP-lowering effect.