Introduction: Pansori is a traditional Korean dramatic art form, which likely appeared in the mid-eighteenth century in the southern region of Korea. In pansori, there is a strong inclination toward preserving tradition, especially in regard to training, which is generally considered particularly demanding in terms of risks to vocal health. Nevertheless —as highlighted by recent studies— some innovations took place in pansori characteristics and performances in the last few decades. Objective: We hypothesize that these innovations have impacted the attitudes of singers and teachers towards pansori training and vocal health issues and that a new approach to voice training in pansori might be recommended. Method: Starting with recent evolutions of pansori and considering previous studies, we discuss how these changes might produce innovations —or at least a demand for innovation— in pansori’s training. We also try to capture the viewpoint of pansori students and performers, through an anonymous survey. Results: Although further investigation is required, the results suggest that a new approach in teaching pansori is emerging and it is increasingly requested by the trainee performers, despite some criticisms from traditionalists. Conclusion: Unlike previously thought, perhaps a more scientific and health-conscious approach to pansori voice training will be something from which many pansori singers can benefit.
Aim. Neuroauriculotherapy (NAT) is a branch of medicine, which, thanks to its diagnostic and therapeutic value, is a powerful tool at the service of both physician and patient. In our experience, as it is discussed in this article, neuroauriculotherapy can have successful applications in voice science and in phoniatrics. The aim of this article is to open a discussion about possible applications of neuroauriculotherapy in voice medicine. Introduction. From the diagnostic point of view, it is possible to explore, with a palpeur (i.e., a tool that provides a constant pressure) or a “spot-hunter”, the presence of a perturbation into a particular organ or area, and its return to normal during treatment. Indeed, at the level of the ear auricle, representations of an organ, its innervation, its muscular components, etc., are fixed. These spots or voxels correspond absolutely to the respective sensory, motor, visceral, among other spots. Therefore, if any abnormal potential comes from the periphery, it will illuminate the spots both at the cortical level and in the pavilion —a real display with a constantly active touch screen. The spot can be treated with needles in the context of a neurophysiological strategy to send a message to the brain. Reflection. NAT appears to be a good method to improve the treatment of voice problems, enhancing the results of other therapies based on drugs or rehab and inducing relaxation. In neuroauriculotherapy, the ear is used to give the brain orders in a process which has a logical basis in neurophysiology. Conclusion. Diseases of the vocal tract can be dysfunctional or organic. According to our clinical experience, we can say that neuroauriculotherapy can be used in both cases. Neuroauriculotherapy is also extremely effective in voice therapy, both alone and in combination with other therapies, as there is no conflict among them.
Introduction. The rapid technological evolution in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has recently offered a great opportunity for the analysis of voice production. Objectives. This article is aimed to describe main physiological principles at the base of voice production (in particular of vocal tract), and an overview about literature on MRI of the vocal tract. This is presented in order to analyze both present results and future perspectives. Method. A narrative review was performed by searching the MeSH terms “vocal tract” and “MRI” in PubMed database. Then, the obtained studies were subsequently selected by relevancy. Results. Main fields described in literature concern technical feasibility and optimization of MRI sequences, modifications of vocal tract in vowel or articulatory phonetics, modifications of vocal tract in singing, 3D reproduction of vocal tract and segmentation, and describing vocal tract in pathological conditions. Conclusions. MRI is potentially the best method to study the vocal tract physiology during voice production. Most recent studies have achieved good results in representation of changes in the vocal tract during emission of vowels and singing. Further developments in MR technique are necessary to allow an equally detailed study of faster movements that participate in the articulation of speaking, which will allow fascinating perspectives in clinical use.
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