Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
Superconducting atom chips have very significant advantages in realizing trapping structures for ultracold atoms compared to conventional atom chips. We extend these advantages further by developing the ability to dynamically tailor the superconducting trap architecture. Heating the chosen parts of a superconducting film by transferring optical images onto its surface we are able to modify the current density distribution and create desired trapping potentials. This method enables us to change the shape and structure of magnetic traps, enabling versatile applications in atomtronics.In the past years, superconducting (SC) atom chips have drawn a lot of attention for trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms 1-9 . Due to the suppression of magnetic field noise close to superconducting surfaces, SC atom chips are excellent candidates for quantum information applications 10-17 . Moreover they will enable the realization of hybrid quantum systems composed of ultracold atoms and superconducting circuits, thereby merging the advantages of these two technologies 18-30 .Owing to the characteristic properties of superconductors, magnetic traps for the confinement of neutral atoms on a SC atom chip can be created by either transport currents 31-33 , persistent currents 34-36 , or trapped magnetic fields induced by pinned vortices 37-39 . For transport and persistent currents the trap type is determined by the shape of the current carrying wire and therefore cannot be changed during experiments. Magnetic traps generated by vortices inside type-II superconductors allow a more flexible approach. Depending on the history of the applied magnetic fields and transport currents, various traps with or without external bias fields can be created by the same superconducting structures. In addition, such traps are easier to manipulate using external magnetic fields. These traps are, however, limited to simple geometries and do not allow one to change the distribution of vortices locally 40-42 .In this paper we describe in detail how to configure the vortex distribution in a square SC film in order to create the desired potential without the need of changing the chip or the applied field. We make use of a high-power laser and a DMD (digital micromirror device) to destroy the superconductivity in selected regions of the film and influence the shape and structure of a trap. We have been able to realize various trapping potentials and, in particular, to split a single trap or to transform it into a crescent or a ring-like trap. Since the atomic cloud FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the setup. A Gaussian beam of a high power laser is patterned with a DMD and imaged onto a superconducting chip attached to a cryostat inside vacuum. The vortex distribution is probed by absorption imaging 43 of the atoms after illumination.evolves with the trapping potential, cold atoms can be used as a sensitive probe to examine the real-time magnetic field and vortex distribution. We experimentally verified the possibility of controlling trap geometry by local l...
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