The objective of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the development of nanostructured zirconia-based ceramics and composites suitable for application in dentistry. Isi Web of Science, Science Direct, Scientific.net databases, and Google were searched electronically for the period of 1980 to the present, matching the keywords “nano” with the keywords: “Zirconia, ZrO2, Y-TZP, and dental, dentistry”. A total of 74 papers were found, with the majority coming from Asia, indicating a more active scientific interest on the topic in this geographic area, followed by Europe, South America, and North America. The research shows, even though the scientific activity on nanostructured ceramics was intense in the last fifteen years, the development of fully dense zirconia-based nanoceramics is yet at an initial stage, most of all from the point of view of the clinical applications. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured ceramics can show improved properties because of the reduction of the grain size to the nanoscale. This is also true for zirconia-based nanoceramics, where some improvements in mechanical, optical, as well as resistance in low-temperature degradation have been observed. Potential applications of this class of material in the dental field are discussed, summarizing the results of the latest scientific research.

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Zirconia-doped alumina nanometric powder (5 mol%) was prepared by means of microwave hydro-and solvothermal syntheses, with the use of either bi-distilled water or diethylenic glycol as solvents, respectively. The as-obtained products were thermal treated at different temperatures (400°, 450°, and 500°C) to study the phase evolution. The experimental method allows synthesis of carbon-coated zirconia-dispersed alumina nanopowders with excellent characteristics, such as very fine size, high homogeneity, no phase separation, and narrow size distribution.

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