The use of RPAS for civil purposes is spreading across Europe and worldwide; Aviation Authorities are working to layout regulations to assure a safe and secure integration of RPAS with manned aircraft across both controlled and uncontrolled (below 500 Feet of altitude) airspace. Following the identification of a selection of safety risks potentially associated to RPAS Specific Category of operations, an original strategy of risks mitigation focused on rule-based ‘Expert Systems’, has been conceived and it is discussed in this work. The article recalls the main components of rule-based ‘Expert Systems’ that is the knowledge basis and the rules to instruct the ‘Expert system’. Then the work describes the implementation of the rules as statements derived from a safety risk matrix associated to RPAS capable of performing Specific Category operations within the U-space. Finally, the idea of integrating the ‘Expert System’ as a software module within RPAS functional architecture is presented and discussed. Such solution is deemed to be a valuable novelty for future implementations of advanced RPAS autopilots capable of recognizing and solving in flight/on ground operational safety risks in such a way to speed up the integration of RPAS into not segregated airspace and their market development.
Based on a research and fieldwork carried out in the framework of the EU-funded research project MODSCAPES (Modernist Reinventions of the Rural Landscape, funded under HERA JRP III call "Uses of the Past", Oct. 2016-2019), this contribution focuses on the case study of the Pontine Plain. In the 1930s, as part of Mussolini's ruralization policy, the vast swampy area was converted into a neatly designed countryside hinged on a hierarchy of villages and medium-sized towns such as Littoria (1932), Sabaudia (1934), Pontinia (1935), Aprilia (1936) and Pomezia (1938). How did architecture contribute in shaping a new "place identity"? This chapter questions the role of schools as fundamental collective buildings, helping the settlers put down roots. School buildings offered architects scope to experiment with new spatial layouts and architectural expressions aimed at the widest possible understanding.
This contribution deals with the relationship between town planning, architectural design and landscape in the foundation of “new towns” in Italy. In doing so, I shall focus on the Pontine Marshes, giving due consideration to then emerging theories about the fascist corporate state, whose foundation act may be traced back to Giuseppe Bottai’s “Charter of Labour”. This political-cultural “model” purported a clear hierarchy between settlements, each bound for a specific role, for which specific functions were to be assigned to different parts of the city. Similarly, cultivations in the countryside were to specialise. In the Pontine Marshes, Littoria was to become a provincial capital and Sabaudia a tourist destination, Pontinia an industrial centre and Aprilia an eminently rural town. Whereas the term “corporatism” may remind the guild system of the Middle Age, its 1930s’ revival meant to effectively supports the need for a cohesive organization of socio-economic forces, whose recognition and classification was to support the legal-political order of the state. What was the corporate city supposed to be? Some Italian architects rephrased this question: what was the future city in Italy of the hundred cities? Bringing to the fore the distinguishing character of the settlements concerned, and based on the extensive literature available, this contribution discusses the composition of territorial and urban space, arguing that, in the Pontine Marshes, this entails the hierarchical triad farm-village-city, as well as an extraordinary figurative research at times hovering towards “classicism”, “rationalism” or “picturesque”. Composition and figuration are therefore not homogeneous, nor mere expressions of the fascist regime. They show instead a constant research, between aesthetics and practice, of an idea of modern city, of public space, of balance between city and countryside.
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