Recent advances in super-resolution microscopy allow the localization of single molecules within individual cells but not within multiple whole cells due to weak signals from single molecules and slow acquisition process for point accumulation to reconstruct super-resolution images. Here, we report a fast, large-scale, and three-dimensional super-resolution fluorescence microscope based on single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet to selectively illuminate spontaneous blinking fluorophores tagged to the proteins of interest in space. Critical parameters such as labeling density, excitation power, and exposure time were systematically optimized resulting in a maximum imaging speed of 2.7 × 10 4 µm 3 s −1 . Fourier ring correlation analysis revealed a reconstructed image with a lateral resolution of ~75 nm through the accumulation of 250 image volumes on immobilized samples within 15 min. Hence, the designed system could open new insights into the discovery of complex biological structures and live 3D localization imaging.

The introduction of light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has overcome the challenges in conventional optical microscopy. Among the recent breakthroughs in fluorescence microscopy, LSFM had been proven to provide a high three-dimensional spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, fast imaging acquisition rate, and minuscule levels of phototoxic and photodamage effects. The aforementioned auspicious properties are crucial in the biomedical and clinical research fields, covering a broad range of applications: from the super-resolution imaging of intracellular dynamics in a single cell to the high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of developmental dynamics in an entirely large organism. In this review, we provided a systematic outline of the historical development of LSFM, detailed discussion on the variants and improvements of LSFM, and delineation on the most recent technological advancements of LSFM and its potential applications in single molecule/particle detection, single-molecule super-resolution imaging, imaging intracellular dynamics of a single cell, multicellular imaging: cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, plant developmental biology, and brain imaging and developmental biology.

Low resistance and high transparency of TCEs are two essential prerequisites for a variety of applications, including the fabrication of smart windows. [8] Among various TCEs, highly transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) is most commonly employed; however, its highly brittle nature hinders its application in flexible electronics and the scarcity of indium results in high material cost. [9] The bending strain tolerance and mechanical flexibility of ITO/elastomeric substrates are inadequate because of the brittle nature of ITO, which renders flexible ITO substrates impractical for real-life stretchable, foldable, or bendable optoelectronics applications. [10] In addition, the relatively low thermal conductivity of ITO leads to longer response times for devices reliant on thermally activated transitions, such as thermochromic smart windows. Extensive research has therefore been devoted to ITO alternatives including carbon-based TCEs such as graphene, [11] carbon nanotubes, [12] or conducting polymers, [13] and metal-based TCEs such as metal nanowires [14] or metal meshes. [15] Among these ITO alternatives, metal meshes, which are composed of periodic micro-or nanostructured metal networks on a transparent substrate, have gained considerable attention as high performance TCEs offering several advantages, including excellent mechanical flexibility, high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and low fabrication cost. [16,17] The current fabrication methods for these metal mesh films often involve low throughput, smallscale fabrication techniques such as e-beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, photolithography, and laser writing, which are generally time-consuming and require substantial capital investment. Therefore, the nanosphere lithography method which involves a scalable, high throughput fabrication process of metal mesh films was introduced. [18] Nanosphere lithography (NSL) enables rapid, low-cost fabrication of deep submicron metal nanomesh (NM) patterns via the self-assembled formation of a hexagonal close packed monolayer of spherical particles which serves as a patterning mask. It provides a scalable and high throughput lithography process which can be implemented for both rigid and flexible substrates. [19] Moreover, NSL enables precise control over the

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