The incidence of holoprosencephaly is about 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 births. There are three major forms: alobar, semilobar, and lobar. The alobar form with cyclopia is very rare. The author describes a transabdominal sonographic diagnosis of an alobar form of holoprosencephaly at 20 weeks’ gestational age. The fetus presented with cyclopia, proboscis, absence of ears and nose, polydactyly, hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, and polyhydramnios. After counseling, termination of pregnancy was performed. Two years later, a subsequent pregnancy was normal.
The incidence of twin ectopic pregnancy is about 1 in 125,000 spontaneous pregnancies. Live twin ectopic pregnancy is an exceptionally rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Currently, fewer than 10 cases have been reported with heartbeat demonstration in both embryos, whereas more than 100 cases of twin ectopic pregnancy have been reported. The author describes the transabdominal and transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of a unilateral live twin ectopic pregnancy. The patient presented with an eight-week amenorrhea history, complaints of right iliac fossa pain, and vaginal spotting. Sonography revealed two ectopic gestational sacs that were adjacent to each other, as well as an empty homogeneous uterus with smooth contour. Each embryo had a visible heartbeat and crown-rump length measuring 16 mm and 17 mm, respectively, which corresponded to a gestational age of eight weeks. The sacs measured 27 mm and 30 mm in diameter. No free fluid was seen in the Douglas cul-de-sac, suggesting an unruptured live twin ectopic pregnancy.
Caudal regression syndrome is a partial or complete agenesis of the lumbosacral vertebrae. Other abnormalities may be associated, such as polyhydramnios, single umbilical artery, club feet, and renal, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary defects. This report of caudal regression syndrome is about a woman in her mid-20s who was first seen for a routine obstetrical sonogram in her second trimester. Her last menstrual period was unknown. She had no history of diabetes, and her glycemia was normal. Sonographic examination showed a 27-week singleton fetus with polyhydramnios, club feet, multicystic kidneys, sudden termination of the spine at the sacral level, short femurs, a single umbilical artery, and a cystic umbilical cord with excessive Wharton’s jelly. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of caudal regression syndrome. After counseling, the patient elected for termination of the pregnancy and delivered a female fetus with an imperforate anus at 800 grams in weight. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the fetus confirmed the sacral agenesis.
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