Twenty hyperactive emotionally disturbed children (6-11 years) and a matched sample of nonhyperactive emotionally disturbed children were selected from the population of a therapeutic day treatment facility on the basis of teacher ratings. They were administered the Matching Familiar Figures Test-20 and were rated on several scales of impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. Each subject was required to perform on the Delay Task of the Gordon Diagnostic System, which required them to inhibit behavioral responding on a temporally based schedule (DRL-6) in order to win points. Children classified as hyperactive, whether by one or more criteria, were relatively unable to refrain from emitting a high number of nonreinforced responses. Moreover, these performance differences persisted regardless of age or IQ and were stable over the 8 minutes required to complete the test.
Collaborative studies Involving qualitative data are usually conducted under design constraints to fulfill the requirements for quantitative studies. The data from these qualitative studies are often analyzed In a manner that ignores the fact that collaborative studies Involve matching (I.e., each laboratory analyzes a portion of each test sample). This report presents some design considerations and analysis procedures for qualitative collaborative studies that take into account that the design Involves matching. Suggestions are offered as to the number of laboratories and test samples to use in the minimum collaborative program, and analysis procedures for outlier screening are detailed. Method performance Is assessed through such Indicators as sensitivity, specificity, false positive, and false negative rates. Methods for estimating the error of the performance indicator rates are explained, and procedures are given for estimating false positive and false negative rates for lot defect rates that may occur In practice.
Enterotoxigenicity and conventional tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus were correlated for strains ofstaphylococci isolated from foods. These strains were examined for en&otoxin production, colonial morphology on Baird-Parker agar, coagulase activity with rabbit and pig plasma, thermostable nuclease (TNase) production, lysostaphin sensitivity and anaerobic utilization of glucose and mannitol. Enterotoxins A,B,C,D, and E were produced singly or in combination by 100 of the 5. aureus strains; 51 strains produced no enterotoxin. False-negative rates in identifying the enterotoxigenic group as typical S. aureus were as follows: 11% for colonial morphology on BairdParker agar, 8% for coagulase activity with Difco rabbit plasma, 7% for TNase production, 4% for lysostaphin sensitivity and 2% and 4%, respectively, for the anaerobic utilization of glucose and mannitol. Consequently, none of these tests was reliable for differentiating toxigenic from nontoxigenic 5. aureus..
Two methods, digestion and elution, were used to recover parasitic nematodes from 470 flatfish belonging to species in the family Pleuronectidae. Samples of similar fish were collected from market lots; half of each sample was subjected to digestion, and half was subjected to elution (sedimentation). The edible (flesh) and the inedible (viscera) portions of each fish were analyzed separately. The total number of nematodes recovered by digestion was 1,110, which was not significantly greater than the 922 nematodes recovered by elution. However, digestion recovered 1,062 nematodes of the anisakine genera Anisakis and Phocanema, which are potentially pathogenic for human consumers of raw or semiraw fish. This number is significantly greater than the 608 pathogenic nematodes recovered by elution. Digestion also recovered 242 more nematodes from the edible flesh than did elution. Conversely, more nonpathogenic nematodes were recovered by elution. Approximately half the fish (240) had been collected in Boston markets, and the other half (230) had been collected in San Francisco markets. Fish from San Francisco each contained an average of eight nematodes, and those from Boston contained an average of less than one nematode per fish.
The formula for the Horwitz ratio (HORRAT) as presented in the Study Director's Manual of AOAC INTERNATIONAL is applicable only when the concentration is in the unit/unit form (e.g., μg/μg, g/g, etc.). When the analyte concentration is a trace or mass fraction amount (e.g., μg/g), the formula generates incorrect HORRAT values. Alternative calculation procedures are presented to circumvent such problems.
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