Land Reform Programme was meant to rationalise land ownership between the white minorities who formed 0.6 percent of the population, yet still possessed over 70 percent of the fertile land, to the detriment of the black majority. See also Dube Musa W. 2015. "A Luta Continua: Toward Trickster Intellectuals and Communities", Journal of Biblical Literature 134(4):890-902, (894). 6 The Third Chimurenga started in February 2000 when a communal initiative of the people under leadership of Chief Enock Zenda of Svosve in Mashonaland East
Th e paper discusses the socio-economic and religious impact of Operation Murambatsvina on Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Masvingo, a city and Zvishavane, a mining town. It adopts a comparative approach in order to demonstrate the extent to which this phenomenon impacted on the religious and socio-economic activities of this movement in the two urban centres. While the majority of the church members were negatively affected, there are some who unintentionally benefited from this operation. Th e church was threatened numerically and theologically as some members were forced to translocate to rural areas. It is argued that in spite of the continued disruptions by the government and municipal authorities, the Vapositori of Marange continue to operate their informal business and missionary activities without necessarily compromising their traditions. Th e paper uses the 'hawks and doves' metaphor to demonstrate the relationship between the marauding government and municipal police and the vulnerable Vapositori during and in the post-Murambatsvina era.
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