In vitro growth of preantral follicles has the potential to produce considerable numbers of competent oocytes for use in medicine, agriculture, and even wildlife conservation. The critical regulatory role of growth factors and hormones in the development of preantral follicles has been established. This study investigated the effect of glial-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and kit ligand (KL) on the in vitro development of ovine preantral follicles. Results indicated that both GDNF and KL significantly improved activation of primordial follicles, similar to co-addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which are commonly used for in vitro follicular development. Importantly, GDNF had a more profound effect on follicle health, development, and differentiation compared with KL alone. Furthermore, the combination of GDNF and KL in the presence of EGF and bFGF had a positive, synergic effect on health, development, and differentiation of preantral follicles, as determined by histological and hormonal assessments. The results of this study may provide a foundation for further studies that will unravel the molecular mechanisms of follicular development to further improve the current status of in vitro preantral follicle culture.
Background & Aims: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders of the luteal phase with a negative effect on fertility and quality of life in women The purpose of this study was to assay the effects of an eight-week training with resistance band and consuming fennel extract on PMS in high school girls. Material & Methods: In this interventional (experimental) research, eighty inactive students suffering from PMS were selected in Shiraz in winter 2020and then randomly categorized to four groups of twenty, including resistance band training, fennel, resistance band training with fennel and control groups after essential descriptions. Resistance band training was performed online three sessions per week (each about 45 minutes) for eight weeks. Fennel was used as oral drops of phenylene 2% daily, 30 drops 2 times a day for two months. Individuals were evaluated with a premenstrual symptom screening tool (PSST) in pre and post-intervention phases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), dependent t-test, and Tukey's post hoc tests were done for assessing the obtained data (P≤0.05 was assigned as significance level). Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups before the intervention but after intervention, there was a significant decrease in the severity of mood-behavioral (7.61±2.31 vs 15.84±3.65) and physical (5.31±1.23 vs 14.72±1.38) symptoms of PMS in experimental groups compared to control (P <0.05). Training with resistance band along with fennel extract consumption had the most positive effect on decrement of physical (2.11±0.31 vs 14.72±1.38; P<0.0001) and mood (4.57±1.04 vs 15.84±3.65; P <0.0001) symptoms. Conclusion: Elastic band resistance exercise and Fennel together can be offered for improving PMS.
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