Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a coronary artery disorder. Several inflammatory mediators have been reported to be associated with vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cytokines and miRNAs in patients with SCF compared to the controls. In this regard, blood samples were acquired from 45 SCF patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. Expression levels of miRNAs and cytokines in PBMCs were measured by real-time PCR. As a final point, serum levels of cytokines were quantified by ELISA.
Expression levels of miR-1, miR-133, miR-208a, miR-206, miR-17, miR-29, miR-223, miR-326, and miR-155 as considerable indicators of inflammatory function significantly increased in SCF patients while the expression levels of miR-15a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-126, miR-17, miR-16 and miR-18a as considerable indicators of anti-inflammatory function significantly decreased in patients with SCF compared to the control group. Additionally, serum IL-1β, IL‐8, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the SCF group than controls. However, no significant differences were observed in IL-10 production in SCF patients compared to the controls.
This study provided the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for SCF diagnosis as well as suitable markers for monitoring coronary artery disease (CAD) development in these patients. More investigations are still necessary to unravel the detailed essential mechanisms of circulating miRNA levels in patients with heart failure and SCF.
Background
Recently, biosensors have become popular analytical tools for small analytes due to their high sensitivity and wide analytical range. In the present work, development of a novel biosensing method based on tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2 QDs)-Au for rapidly and selectively detecting c-Met protein is introduced. As a proof of concept, M13 bacteriophage-based biosensors were used for the electrochemical detection of c-Met protein as a colon cancer biomarker.
Method
The M13 bacteriophage (virus), as the biorecognition element, was immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes which were modified by WS2 QDs-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The stepwise presence of the WS2 QDs, gold nanoparticles, and immobilized phage on glassy carbon electrodes were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique.
Results
The designed biosensor was applied to measure the amount of c-Met protein in standard solutions, and consequently the desirable detection limit of 1 pg was obtained. Finally, as a proof of concept, the developed platform was used for the evaluation of c-Met protein in serum samples of colon cancer-suffering patients and the results were compared with the results of the common Elisa kit.
Conclusions
As an interesting part of this study, some concentrations of the c-Met protein in colon cancer serum samples which could not be determined by Elisa, were easily analyzed by the developed bioassay system. The developed bioassay system has great potential to application in biomedical laboratories.
Graphical Abstract
In the present article, we developed a highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR)-1. In this electrochemical immunoassay platform, NiFe-LDH/rGO was used due to great electron mobility, high specific surface area and flexible structures, while Au nanoparticles were prepared and coated on the modified electrodes to improve the detection sensitivity and ROR1 antibody immobilizing (ROR1Ab). The modification procedure was approved by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry based on the response of peak current to the step by step modifications. Under optimum conditions, the experimental results showed that the immunosensor revealed a sensitive response to ROR1 in the range of 0.01–1 pg mL−1, and with a lower limit of quantification of 10 attogram/mL (10 ag mL−1). Furthermore, the designed immunosensor was applied for the analysis of ROR1 in several serum samples of chronic lymphocytic leukemia suffering patients with acceptable results, and it also exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility and stability.
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