Aim: To determine the effect of malaria parasitaemia on some haematological parameters of pregnant women in Delta State, Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment is a vertical survey of pregnant women. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in five designated Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria. They include Ughelli South, Ughelli North, Udu, Uvwie and Ethiope East Local Government Area, between January-August 2021. Methodology: Vein puncture technique was used to obtain 5ml of blood from 1000 pregnant women in the five selected government hospital in Delta State. Malaria parasite examination was done using thin and thick blood films, following standard parasitological techniques. Haematological parameters comprising packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocyte and basophils were determined and CD4 count was done using flow cytometry. Socio economic data was obtained with the use of structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using student T-test and Anova. Results: Out of the 1000 pregnant women examined, 624 (62.4%) tested positive for malaria. Those with secondary education had the highest prevalence where 234 (23.4%) examined and 202 (86.3%) infected. Data revealed that married women and artisans had very high infections of (70.9%) and (78.7%) respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the level of PCV, HB, TWBC, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes and CD4 count of those infected when compared to those uninfected. Women with 1+ve Plasmodium count had CD4 count of 712.68 ± 12.23, those with 2+ve Plasmodium count had CD4 count 628.88±9.11, while those with 3 +++ve Plasmodium count had CD4 count of 578.71±2.10. Conclusion: Plasmodium parasitaemia had influenced the haematological parameters of pregnant women in the study. Pregnant women should be advice on the proper use of preventive strategies which include intermittent preventive treatment IPTp and the proper use of insecticide treated bed net.
Aim: Helminthiasis and its effects on the hematological parameters of school aged children in a select population in the Niger Delta. Study Design: A cross sectional study (Descriptive study). Place and Duration:The study was carried out in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, between January-April 2011. Methodology: Concentration Method (Sedimentation) was used to examine the stool samples, Packed cell volume (PCV) was obtained by the use of hematocrit centrifugation and reader method; differential white blood count (WBC) was done according to Cheesbrough (2000). Results: Result of the study showed variability in the four gastrol-intestinal helminths among the 360 pupils investigated. Out of the 264(73.3%) positive samples, 142(53.7%) and 122(46.21%) were females and males respectively. Age specific gastroi intestinal worm load was relatively high in all age groups. This pattern of infection was attributed to favorable ecological factors that promote helminths transmission in the study area. However, the overall age related worm load showed that the 5-7 age group had relatively the highest parasite load in the study. The weight and height of infected pupils in relation to the uninfected varied statistically (p<0.05) across the age ranges but was not
Malaria is a disease that infects the red blood cells and liver caused by five sibling species of Apicomplexan protozoan of the genus; Plasmodium (Egbom and Nzeako, 2017). P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale are specific to humans and in recent yearsP. knowlesi which is a species of Plasmodium that causes malaria among monkeys. P. falciparum and P. vivax causes the most serious and virulent form of the disease (Joseph et al., 2011). The disease is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes which feed between dusk and dawn (Egbom and Nzeako, 2017). In 2019, 229 million new cases and approximate 409,000 deaths were recorded (WHO, 2021). On a global scale, over two third of malaria deaths occur in children under the age of five and pregnant women. Almost 1 out of 5 deaths of children under 5 years in Africa is due to malaria and this accounts for 67% (274,000) of all malaria deaths world-wide (WHO, 2021). World Health Organization defines malaria as a disease of poverty caused by poverty (Schantz -Dunn and Nawal, 2009), a strong correlativity exists between malaria and poverty, not only does malaria thrive in poverty but, also impedes economic growth and keeps households in poverty (Teklehaimanot and Mejia, 2008).The number of malaria cases seems to be increasing; due to increased transmission risks in areas where malaria control has declined, and the development of drug resistant strains of the parasite and in few cases, massive increases in international travel and migration (Pasvol, 2005). The reduction of immunity in pregnant women and immature level of immunity of children under the ages of 0-5 years often predisposes them to malaria infection (Fievetet al., 2007; Omanget al.,2020; Wogu and Onosakponome, 2020). Malaria infection during pregnancy is an important public health problem with increased risk for the pregnant women, her fetus and the new born child (Omanget al., 2020). It is hypothesized that the majority of sequelae in pregnancy results from two main factors: the immune-compromised stated of pregnancy and placental sequestration of infected erythrocytes (Schantz -Dunn and Nawal, 2009).Malaria in pregnancy contributes to high morbidity, 2-15% maternal anemia, 6 -14% low birth weight, 8-36% of preterm birth,13-70% of intrauterine growth retardation, 3 -8% of infant death and 2-15% of maternal anemia (ASPAD, 2004).
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