A very simple analysis of the forested areas across the Transylvanian Basin shows that they cover approximately 45.8% of the area, according to data provided by the European Environment Agency. In order to extend the areas covered by forests, especially over badlands specific for the Transylvanian Basin and to increase the economic and environmental value of these lands, a GIS model of spatial analysis has been developed to identify the areas favourable for downy oak (Quercus pubescens) plantations, a forest species which has specific requirements in terms of adaptability conditions. The developed spatial analysis model is based on the unitary analysis of the climatic, soil and geomorphologic components, spatially materialized as raster format databases, and their integration according to spatial analysis equations in order to get a modelled database which represents spatially the favourable areas for the creation of downy oak plantations. The result of this study highlights the territories which provide favourable but also restrictive conditions for Quercus pubescens. The model has a high predictability rate taking as comparative reference the direct monitoring at the level of forest planning units (PUs) within Cluj County, identified from the analysis of forestry plans. The high validation rate of the proposed model was obtained by overlapping the favourability classes which themselves were obtained after modelling with the limits of the forest planning units where the consistency of the downy oak is greater than 0.7. According to the presented validation procedure, a 93% validation rate was obtained, fact which highlights the usefulness of applying the model in areas having similar features and its extrapolation in areas where the environmental conditions present only slight differences. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********
Ornamental trees planted inside the urban places: in gardens or in parks, around the buildings play an important role in ecology of human habitats. One of the most frecvently used ornamental conifer in Romania is Thuja occidentalis 'Columna', because it can be used in a wide variety of urban landscapes. This paper adresses the study of propagation of Thuja occidentalis 'Columna' using differente categories of rooting substrates. Choosing the ideal proportion and composition of rooting substrate is crucial in the propagation of Thuja occidentalis 'Columna'. Experiments were conducted at the "Mihai Viteazu" Nursery Garden from Turda, in spring 2013. The types and mixtures of rooting substrate used in the experimentwere: 100% peat (V1); 100% sand (V2); 50% peat + 50% perlite (V3); 50% peat +50% sand (V4); 50% sand + 50% perlite (V5). Peat was used to improve the rooting substrate structure and to increase water retention. Sand drains quickly and retains minerals efficiently. Horticultural perlite has the ability to absorb water and then releasing it over a long time due to its porous structure. In order to obtain more meaningful results we planted 450 cuttings, 90 in each substrate type. Statistical analysis of the influence of rooting substrate on the number of roots per cuttings showed significantly positive differences in substrate V5. Final results indicated that V5 substrate is the best for production by cuttings of Thuja occidentalis 'Columna'. Compared to the mean of experiment considered control the best V5 rooting substrate provided 100% rooting and 10.7 average numbers of roots per cuttings, with an average length 5.7 cm per cuttings after 18 weeks.
Forest crops (nurseries and plantations) impose difficulties on foresters, the main cause being disturbing or harmful factors that compete and interact in different directions, but whose result is the weakening of seedlings, culminating in their death. Given that the number of seedlings in nurseries and plantations is high compared to the unit area, the risk of disease and pest attacks is very high. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the annual forest crops, both in terms of biological material and soil, in order to control or eliminate possible sources of infestation. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, ash, maple and lime seeds were harvested from Mihai Viteazu Nursery, spruce seeds from Voivodeni Nursery, Forest district Someșu Rece, Forest district Beliș and larch from Forest district Beliș. Specific phytopathological analyzes of the seed samples were performed on the seeds in order to accurately determine the possible pathogens. In the analyzes, the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea were identified on both deciduous and coniferous seeds.
Rooting process plays a key role in the vegetative propagation of the ornamental coniferous, and insufficient rooting causes substantial losses in the propagation industry. Cuttings of Thuja occidentalis ‚Columna' planted in the greenhouse of Mihai Viteazul Nursery Garden from Turda were examined after selecting the cuttings in three size categories. Experimental design included three cutting lengths (10, 15 and 20 cm) and each were growing without rooting hormones. Cutting length is an important factor that affecting rooting. The exact length of the cuttings is dependent upon the selected species used in vegetative propagation. The presence of leaves on a cutting is important also for root formation and development. In our experiment we planted stem cuttings with leaves and length between 10 and 20 cm. The first measurement it was take in the 12 th week of rooting process, the second was take in the 18 th week of the rooting process. Significant differences were shown among cuttings from the three category in root number per cutting but not in root length per cutting after 18 weeks. Medium length cuttings (15 cm) had significant influence on root number per cuttings. For optimal rooting, we recommend using 15 cm long cuttings.
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