No abstract

Mainstream analyses of relations between the European Union (EU) and Russia have seen impressive proliferation since 2014 with an emphasis on the perceived rise of geopolitics as a key driving factor on the European continent. In this background, the article analyses the way the rise of geopolitics has affected the conflict and cooperation dichotomy in EU-Russia relations. It contends, that the role of geopolitics in the security architecture of the European continent is characterised by continuity, as its pervasive effects have constrained the agency and autonomy of both Russia and the EU. The growing number of studies on EU-Russia relations tend to employ a classical or traditional understanding of geopolitics, which emphasises the importance of power projection and geographical space in states' behavior in world politics. In contrast, the article argues that both Russia and the EU have developed distinct and hybrid approaches of geopolitics.

The aim of the article is to analyse the way the RIC (Russia, India and China) states understand resilience in the world order. In doing so, the article compares their interpretation to that developed by the European Union (EU). The first part of the article surveys the way the literature has analysed the role of resilience in the foreign policy of the EU. One of the main findings here is that the mainstream interpretation of resilience tends to be rather circular and leads to process of securitisation of the external environment. The second part of the article then presents and applies to the case of the RIC states a more nuanced framework that examines resilience along three complementary dimensions: resilience as ontology (attribute), as process and as outcome (agency and intentionality).

Mainstream analyses of relations between the European Union (EU) and Russia have seen impressive proliferation since 2014 with an emphasis on the perceived rise of geopolitics as a key driving factor on the European continent. In this background, the article analyses the way the rise of geopolitics has affected the conflict and cooperation dichotomy in EU-Russia relations. It contends, that the role of geopolitics in the security architecture of the European continent is characterised by continuity, as its pervasive effects have constrained the agency and autonomy of both Russia and the EU. The growing number of studies on EU-Russia relations tend to employ a classical or traditional understanding of geopolitics, which emphasises the importance of power projection and geographical space in states' behavior in world politics. In contrast, the article argues that both Russia and the EU have developed distinct and hybrid approaches of geopolitics.