Comparing mental health systems across countries is difficult because of the lack of an agreed upon terminology covering services and related financing issues. Within the European Union project REFINEMENT, international mental health care experts applied an innovative mixed "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach following a multistep design thinking strategy to compile a glossary on mental health systems, using local services as pilots. The final REFINEMENT glossary consisted of 432 terms related to service provision, service utilisation, quality of care and financing. The aim of this study was to describe the iterative process and methodology of developing this glossary.
Using Modelling and Simulation for Planning and Evaluation of Health Systems needs the combination of state of the art modelling and simulation tools, which can be used in a modular way. In addition, big data sets are used to describe the status-quo of health systems. Together possibilities for prediction and strategic planning increase, while challenges for quality assessment and reproducible processes generate the need for new developed structures in research and implementation. The article gives an outline of approaches, developed within the Austrian DEXHELPP project and points out strategies for coping with these challenges.
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