The aim of this study was to compare bone imaging between ultrashort echotime (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as the reference standard in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1-year retrospective, blinded, and randomized qualitative analysis of UTE MR images and CBCT from 19 patients with clinically diagnosed MRONJ was performed by 2 independent radiologists. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw imaging hallmarks such as osteolysis, periosteal thickening, and medullary osteosclerosis were rated visually (0 and 1 to 3 for normal and mild to severe changes) for defined anatomic regions of the jaw. In addition, segmentation of these regions was performed on coregistered MR/CBCT images for the following quantitative comparison of signal intensity (SI) on MR and gray values (GVs) on CBCT images. Interreader/modality agreement (Cohen kappa), standard testing for significant differences of (non)parametric values, and Pearson correlation of signal intensity/GV were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The anterior corpus of the mandible was most often affected by MRONJ (P < 0.001). Overall, interreader agreement of qualitative MRONJ hallmark scores was almost perfect ( = 0.81) and without significant differences between modalities ( = 0.81 vs 0.82, CBCT vs MR, respectively). Intermodality agreement for qualitative gradings was substantial for both readers ( = 0.77 and 0.70). Signal intensity/GV in MRONJ-affected areas differed significantly from healthy bone (P < 0.001) as well as correlation significantly between modalities (r = -0.77; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Qualitative assessment of MRONJ with radiation-free UTE MR imaging is comparable to reference standard CBCT. Quantitative measurements of both modalities significantly distinguish diseased from normal bone with strong correlations among the quantitative values in both modalities.

Scorpion-like designer amines enable fast, reversible, and efficient CO2 uptake from air.

Body composition analysis based on the characterization of different tissue compartments is currently experiencing increasing attention by a broad range of medical disciplines for both clinical and research questions. However, body composition profiling (BCP) can be performed utilizing different modalities, which all come along with several technical and diagnostic strengths and limitations, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates good soft tissue resolution, high contrast between fat and water, and is free from ionizing radiation. This review article represents an overview of imaging techniques for body composition assessment, focussing on qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing adipose tissue and muscles in MRI.

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The goal of our study was to investigate interactions between sex and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with regard to morphology of the peripheral skeleton. We recruited 85 subjects (mean age, 57±11.4 years): women with and without T2DM (n = 17; n = 16); and men with and without T2DM (n = 26; n = 26). All patients underwent high-resolution, peripheral, quantitative, computed tomography (HR-pQCT) imaging of the ultradistal radius (UR) and tibia (UT). Local bone geometry, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone microarchitecture were obtained by quantitative analysis of HR-pQCT images. To reduce the amount of data and avoid multi-collinearity, we performed a factor-analysis of HR-pQCT parameters. Based on factor weight, trabecular BMD, trabecular number, cortical thickness, cortical BMD, and total area were chosen for post-hoc analyses. At the radius and tibia, diabetic men and women exhibited trabecular hypertrophy, with a significant positive main effect of T2DM on trabecular number. At the radius, cortical thickness was higher in diabetic subjects (+20.1%, p = 0.003). Interestingly, there was a statistical trend that suggested attenuation of tibial cortical hypertrophy in diabetic men (cortical thickness, pinteraction = 0.052). Moreover, we found an expected sexual dichotomy, with higher trabecular BMD, Tb.N, cortical BMD, Ct.Th, and total area in men than in women (p≤ 0.003) at both measurement sites. Our results suggest that skeletal hypertrophy associated with T2DM is present in men and women, but appears attenuated at the tibial cortex in men.

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