Cancer continues to represent a global health concern, imposing an ongoing need to research for better treatment alternatives. In this context, nanomedicine seems to be the solution to existing problems, bringing unprecedented results in various biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, diagnosing, and imaging. As numerous studies have uncovered the advantageous properties of various nanoscale metals, this review aims to present metal-based nanoparticles that are most frequently employed for cancer applications. This paper follows the description of relevant nanoparticles made of metals, metal derivatives, hybrids, and alloys, further discussing in more detail their potential applications in cancer management, ranging from the delivery of chemotherapeutics, vaccines, and genes to ablative hyperthermia therapies and theranostic platforms.

Cancer represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing an urgent need to develop more efficient treatment alternatives. In this respect, much attention has been drawn from conventional cancer treatments to more modern approaches, such as the use of nanotechnology. Extensive research has been done for designing innovative nanoparticles able to specifically target tumor cells and ensure the controlled release of anticancer agents. To avoid the potential toxicity of synthetic materials, natural nanoparticles started to attract increasing scientific interest. In this context, this paper aims to review the most important natural nanoparticles used as active ingredients (e.g., polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, and sterol-like compounds) or as carriers (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides, viral nanoparticles, and exosomes) of various anticancer moieties, focusing on their recent applications in treating diverse malignancies.

Acest review de literatură îşi propune să sintetizeze factorii de risc care predispun la apariţia hipertensiunii intraabdominale în urma curei chirurgicale a herniilor incizionale. Cercetarea noastră a utilizat platformele de cercetare Web of Science, Scopus şi PubMed şi a utilizat ca formulă de căutare: ("Intraabdominal hypertension" OR "intraabdominal pressure" OR "abdominal compartiment syndrome") AND "risk factors" AND "incisional hernia". Filtrarea rezultatelor s-a realizat după următoarele criterii: limba: engleză, publish year > 2000 şi acces: in extenso. În acest context, am ales să împărţim factorii de risc pentru creşterea PIA în următoarele categorii: cei legaţi de habitusul şi antropometria corpului; cei asociaţi cu prezenţa comorbidităţilor; cei legaţi de caracteristicile defectului (eventraţiei) din peretele abdominal; cei asociaţi actului chirurgical. Printre cei mai importanţi pot fi amintiţi: indicele de masă corporală, BPOC, eventraţiile de dimensiuni mari cu pierderea dreptului la domiciliu, tehnica chirurgicală utilizată, timpul operator prelungit şi tentative repetate de închidere a defectului. Cuvinte cheie: hipertensiune intraabdominală, hernie incizională, complicaţiile reconstrucţiei peretelui abdominal, factori de risc

Laparoscopic procedures are often preferred to open surgery due to their many advantages, theymay sometimes cause rare complications like intraabdominal, pelvic, and abdominal wall abscesses.We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented on multiple occasions to the hospital withsymptoms suggesting an infection involving the epigastric area. Following an exploratoryprocedure it was concluded that unretrieved gallstones from a previous laparoscopiccholecystectomy caused an abdominal wall abscess. This case shows that when establishing adiagnosis, the physician should consider that laparoscopic procedures can cause rarecomplications even after a long period of time.

There are 3 therapeutic modalities to treat cystic echinococcosis: chemotherapy, surgery (classic or laparoscopic), PAIR technique (puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration), with the latter two being performed with or without chemotherapy. We present the case of of a 17-year-old female, with a 6-month-old caesarean section in her medical history, diagnosed, by another medical facility, with a hepatic hydatid cyst, who presents with pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea and vomiting. The ultrasound examination revealed a cystic mass in the fifth hepatic segment, on the visceral surface, which compresses the right branch of portal vein and the gall bladder. It was decided to perform a Lagrot cystectomy under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation. The pacient received albendazole postoperatively, knowing that the patient will continue breastfeeding, because this treatment can be safely administered due to the reduced concentration of the active metabolite in breast milk.

Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a stimulating protein for cell proliferation and differentiation. An amplification of its signaling pathway has been frequently reported in numerous malignant tumors. Specific polymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins involved in this cellular pathway may constitute risk factors for carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant polymorphisms of EGF and their signaling pathways and their relation to carcinogenesis. Methods: The study included 40 full-text articles published between January 2010 and May 2020, extracted from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases in May 2020, using the following keywords: EGF OR epidermal growth factor AND polymorphism AND cancer OR neoplasia OR tumor. Results: We identified relevant polymorphisms of the EGF signaling pathway that were involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and head and neck cancer. Rs4444903 variants have been widely studied and the association with numerous tumors has been confirmed by multiple studies. Other frequently investigated polymorphisms are –191C/A and –216G>T. Conclusion: The polymorphisms of EGF signaling pathway have been widely studied in connection to various malignancies. Some predisposing variants are common in different forms of cancer. These polymorphisms might be general risk factors for carcinogenesis.

We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis associated withdiabetic ketoacidosis, managed in the intensive care unit. The patient was a 39-year-old woman, with amedical history of Graves-Basedow disease, essential arterial hypertension and morbid obesity(body mass index=31). Firstly, we aggressively corrected hypovolemia and hemodynamicimbalances (administrating fluids and systemic anticoagulant) and then we focused on the infectionprevention and control of intra-abodminal pressure, for the latter outcome. We decided to start the firstsession of plasma exchange. The patient responded well to the treatment applied. Plasma-exchangewas very efficient, reducing TG levels by 60% after the first treatment and achieving a decrease of77.6% at the third plasmapheresis session. This case was safely and effectively managed withplasmapheresis (three sessions), antibiotics, multimodal analgesia (intravenous and thoracicepidural catheter), early jejunal nutrition and forced mobilization. The patient's evolution wassignificantly favorable, with a reduction of the peripancreatic necrosis on computer scan, at day 28and she was discharged with a normal value of TG and without pain or any clinical signs.

Organophosphates poisoning represents a challenge for the emergency medical specialist, the first who comes into contact with intoxicated patients and who should promptly manage this pathology. Our study aims to determine whether there are any significant changes after a 10 years period regarding some characteristics of the patients with acute organophosphorus compounds poisoning. The study was retrospective, observational, descriptive, non-randomized and took place at the Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital during 1st of January 1995 – 31st of December 1997 and 1st of January 2014 – 31st of December 2016 respectively. Our study was based on the comparative assessment of two groups of patients as follows: patients admitted during 1995-1997 (292 patients) and patients admitted during 2014-2016 (161 patients). The percentage of suicidal attempts through organophosphorus compounds decreased over the course of 10 years from 84.78% in 1996 to 63.63% in 2016. A psychiatric pathology was identified in 39.31% of the suicidal attempts and in 15.68% of accidental contact cases. Regarding the distribution of exposure type per year, we observed an increase in cases where the penetration pathway occurred through skin and inhalation from 9.57% in 1995 to 18.33% in 2015, with a proportional decrease in the digestive exposure. In the analyzed groups, 36 deaths were identified, with an equal distribution in the two studied periods, of about 8-10%.  Although there was a 10-year interval between the two patient lots during which intensive care techniques have significantly progressed, we observed from the statistical data that the death rate did not decrease significantly in the 2014-2016 lot compared to the 1994-1996 lot. We believe that this is partly due to the gravity of these patients and to the time elapsed from the presentation of the patients to the physician and appropriate treatment initiation.