Background: Urethral stricture is a disabling condition that remains prevalent due to the upsurge of sexually transmitted infections and traumatic lesions of the urethra during trauma of the pelvis in humans. Objective: Describe the epidemiological, clinical and radiological presentations of male urethral strictures. Method: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study during a one-year period from January to December 2017 including all male patients presenting for a urethrocystography examination, at the Ngaoundere Radiology and Medical Imaging Center who agreed to participate. The urethrocystography technique depended on patient's condition and was either retrograde, anterograde, or following intravenous urography. The examinations were performed with GE X-ray equipment using Kodak Dry View CRs. The interpretation was performed by a radiologist with at least five years of experience. The variables studied were age, clinic, history, uretrocystography technique and results. The data were collected using a previously established data sheet and processed with Sphinx Plus2 V5 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results: 39 patients were enrolled in this study; the average age of our patients was 43.8 years with extremes of 4 and 76 years. The 50-60 age group (30.7%) was the most affected. Infection (53.9%) and trauma (23.1%) were the most common etiologies; dysuria (38.5%) and diminution of urinary flow (30.8%) were the most patient's complaint. Retrograde urethrocystography (66.7%) was the most performed technic. Minimal bleeding in 46.2% of patients was the most common incident during urethrocystography; 76.9% of patients had a difficult urination and 7.7% an impassable urethral meatus. After interpretation, 84.6% of patients had urethral stenosis, which How to cite this paper: Guena, M.N.,

Objective: Bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is common and can be a sign of complication that often necessitates obstetric ultrasound for the assessment of the haemorrhage, and of fetal well being. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of first trimester bleeding on obstetrical ultrasound in our area. Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during a six-month period from May to October 2017. All women who referred to the Regional center of medical imaging of Ngaoundere who agreed to participate in the study with first trimester bleeding were evaluated with clinical history and ultrasonography (US). Ultrasonographic exam was done via transabdominal or endovaginal approaches using GE LOGIQ 7 scanner brand. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and SPHINX V 4.0 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 121 of pregnant women who presented vaginal bleeding during the first trimester were enrolled into the study. These Ultrasound examinations represented 37.93% of all obstetric ultrasounds in the first trimester. The patients in this study ranged in age from 16 to 47 years with an average of 30 years. 50 (41.32%) were pregnant for the first time and 24 (19.83%) were primiparous. Mean gestational age was 9 weeks with the extremes of 5 and 12 weeks. 97 (80.2%) reported spontaneous bleeding while in 24 (18.8%) bleeding was mostly caused by sexual intercourse 11 (45.8%). Pelvic pain 91 (75.2%) was the most associated sign. 36 (29.8%) patients were diagnosed as threatened abortions. 27 (22.3%) were diagnosed with incomplete abortions. 4 (3.3%) cases showed an ectopic gestation. 9 (7.4%) cases showed complete abortions. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and ultrasound results was 84%. Conclusions: Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy is common in our area. Ultrasonography occupies a prominent place in the etiological diagnosis of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy;

Background: Chest X-ray is frequently performed for evaluation of chest disease in both adults and children. Children are more exposed to the adverse effects of radiation as compared to adults. During our daily practice, we noticed that most of children's chest X-ray results were normal. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the indications, the technic, the irradiation and the result of chest X-rays in children in order to know if the practice of these X-rays was relevant. Method: Cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at the Imaging Regional Center of Ngaoundere from April to August 2017. A total number of 145 radiographs and 140 X-ray requests of 140 children were considered in this work. The conformity of the request were verified according to the recommendations of the National Agency for Accreditation and Health Evaluation in France (NAAHE), technical condition of realization and results were appreciated and the entrance surface dose (ESD) of the patients was estimated using a mathematical algorithm. Results: Children under 5 years (63.5%) were more represented in our study. The main indications were: cough (22.1%), suspicion of pneumonia (16.4%) and bronchitis (15.7%). No indication was mentioned on 69.3% of the request forms. After confrontation to the "Guide for proper use of medical imaging examinations" (GPU), we only had 24% conformity of indications. 82.7% of the examinations required immobilization assistance by the parents. Most of the children were imaged in a standing-up position (82.9%) and the anterior-posterior view (77.9%) was more practiced. After the analysis of the pictures, 62% of them presented an optimal contrast, while 42.1% of X-ray were performed without beam collimation. 25 X-rays were repeated: 12 (48%) because of patient's motion and 13 (52%) of mispositionning. After interpretation, 87 (62.14%) chest X-ray were normal. Main lesion observed were pneumonia

Background: Systematic chest X-ray is the most prescribed examination by occupational physicians during periodic medical check-ups in our context, unlike in most countries where this practice has been discontinued. Objective: The objective was to determine the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of chest radiography during periodic medical check-ups of workers in Ngaoundere. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from January to December 2018, concerning all persons coming to perform a systematic chest X-ray in the context of the periodic medical check-up having been consented to participate in the study. Posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs were obtained from all workers during this periodic medical check-up. The variables studied were: age, sex, clinical manifestations, antecedents, job type, cost, and chest X-ray results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Sphinx Plus 2 -Lexica-V5 Edition software. Results: 753 workers were selected for this study, of whom 88.04% were men and 11.96% were women, a sex ratio H/F is of 7.4, the average age was 39 ± 7.89 years with extremes of 24 and 56 years, the most frequent job type was the administration (38.37%), the storekeepers (17.92) and the drivers (15.27%), most of them were asymptomatic (97.47%), some had cough (2.52%), chest pain (2.12%), dyspnea (0.26%) and fever (0.13%). History was dominated by lung infection (2.39%), pleurisy (1.06%) and tuberculosis (0.79%). 7.43% of workers occasionally smoked tobacco and consumed alcohol. 41 cases of pathologies (5.44%) were found on the chest X-ray, including 1 case (0.13%) of evolutionary pathology, 40 cases (5.31%) of sequelae pathologies. When the results of the chest X-ray are compared with the clini-How to cite this paper: Guena, M.N., 44Advances in Molecular Imaging cal signs and the pathological history of the workers, it is found that the only case with evolutionary abnormalities on the chest X-ray showed clinical signs and that the other cases with sequelae abnormalities had either clinical signs or antecedents related to these abnormalities. The cost of a chest X-ray at the time of our study was 5,000 FCFA ($8.59), for a total of 3,765,000 FCFA ($6473.74) for all the X-rays performed. Conclusion: In view of the low rate of abnormalities on the chest X-ray and the sequelae nature of the pathologies, it can be said that the routine X-ray of the chest during the periodic medical check-ups has a low diagnostic yield and a low cost-effectiveness ratio and is not profitable. It should be non-systematic and case-by-case based on the clinical context and background of workers.

Uterine rupture is defined as the occurrence of communication between the abdominal and uterine cavity and may be complete or incomplete depending on the degree of involvement of the different layers of the uterus and surrounding organs. It is a rare complication whose consequences often involve the maternal and fetal prognosis. The majority of uterine rupture occurs on the scarred uterus, its incidence in France is estimated according to the series between 1/1000 and 1/2000 births, it represents 30% of causes of maternal death in the developing countries. The authors report here a case of uterine rupture outside of labor at 33 weeks of age in 32 years old woman, gravida 9 para 8, with no history of uterine surgery discovered during obstetric ultrasound for abdominal pain. During the interrogation, she was alarge multipara and had a child of 15 months. The abdominal ultrasound showed a right lateral corporeal rupture with hemoperitoneum of medium sized and a dead fetus. The emergency laparotomy revealed a right lateral uterine wound approximately 15 cm long with intra-abdominal placenta and a haemoperitoneum of medium sized of about 600 cc and a bladder lesion. After opening the amniotic sac, there was extraction of a dead fetus. The uterine and bladder lesions were repaired followed by bilateral tubal ligation. The patient received 500 cc of whole blood during and 500 cc after the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was simple. This case contributes to the knowledge of this rare and atypical event, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a suspicion.