In the system of global information space, it is important to adequately calculate and assess the factors of successful functioning of the banking system, which are directly the engines of the country's development, economic stability, especially from the standpoint of qualitative measurement of innovative technology and human capital in rapid cyber fraud. The work is devoted to studying factors that describe the components of efficiency and potential use of innovative technologies in neo-banking in 90 countries to determine the level of risk of their use for money laundering based on gravitational modeling methodology. The authors substantiated that using four factors consisting of 13 components of digital evolution is expedient. Three indicators (access infrastructure, transaction infrastructure, and fulfillment infrastructure) allowed forming the supply condition factor. It provides a score on developing digital and physical infrastructure to ensure the digital economic system's quality. The «demand conditions» factor consists of 4 indicators (human quality level, device absorption level and digital broadband level, digital payment absorption), which show how much consumers are willing and able to participate in the digital economic system and whether they have the tools and skills needed to connect to the digital economy. Three indicators (institutional effectiveness and trust, institutions and the business environment, institutions and the digital ecosystem) shaped the «institutional environment» factor. It relates to research on countries' support for digital legislation, governments' investment in digitalization, and regulations. Regulate the quality of storage and access to digital data. The fourth factor of «innovation and change» consists of three features that characterize the state of key innovative economic system inputs (talents and capital), processes (i.e., cooperation between universities and industry), and outputs (i.e., new scalable digital products and services). The generalized indicator was formed based on these indicators. It characterizes the degree of risk of using the services of neobanks of the studied countries by economic agents or individuals to legalize criminal proceeds. At the first stage of the proposed method, the authors substantiated the statistical significance and possibility of using the studied indicators. The procedure of logarithmic normalization was carried out. The toolkit of descriptive statistics of the Statgaphics Centurion package provided the normalization parameters. In the second stage, the indicators were collapsed using a geometric weighted average, which provides meaningful information about the average dynamics rate. The third stage provided calculating the value of the integrated rating assessment of the degree of risk of using innovative technologies, services, and neobanking services for money laundering based on gravity modeling methods. The findings showed that 12.22% of the studied countries had a high degree of risk, 25.56% – a medium level of risk, 25.56% – a risk below the average level, for 36.66% of countries – the risk was almost absent.
The article attempts to develop a methodology for a comparative assessment of the economic efficiency of banks, including traditional and Islamic banking models. The assessment shows that the stability of financial institutions in Azerbaijan is lower compared to banks where Islamic banking is used. The assessment also shows that there is a strong dependence of the GDP growth rate on the sub-indices of the effectiveness of financial institutions in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iran. The methodology of linear regression and a composite index of the economic efficiency of banks are applied. The assessment shows that the influence of the stability of the financial system on economic growth in Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkey is different. The economic growth rate and the ratio of bank loans to bank deposits in Azerbaijan and Turkey are positively related, but negatively in Iran.
The article aimed to empirically substantiate the features of capital investment in innovation depending on financial stability for Industrial SMEs in the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, which consists of four post-Soviet states: Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova. We differentiated the levels of financial stability of industrial SMEs in the region: high, medium, and low. We have determined the positive effect of capital investments in innovation at all levels of financial stability using regression modeling. Regardless of financial strength and capital intensity, investing in innovation provides higher performance indicators for companies than investing in the renewal of fixed assets without modernization. The increase in the efficiency of capital investments in SMEs is more significant for financially stable and less capital-intensive companies than for companies with low financial stability and high capital intensity. Identifying the features of the relationship between the financial stability of SMEs and capital investment will allow the development of effective strategies for economic collaboration within the framework of the GUAM Organization.
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