En la micropropagación vegetal la aclimatación es una etapa crucial para promover que en las plantas ocurran cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos para su adaptación ex vitro. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia y desarrollo de plántulas de Lycaste aromatica (Graham) Lindl. obtenidas en dos sistemas de micropropagación (medio semisólido y medio líquido en biorreactor de inmersión por gravedad, BIG). Las plantulas se establecieron en sustratos diferentes (peat moss Premier® o musgo Sphagnum chileno) y recibieron diferentes fungicidas (PHC T-22®, Captan Plus® y Ridomil Bravo® 81, y plantas que no recibieron aplicación) en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 × 2 × 4, resultando 16 tratamientos. Durante 28 semanas de aclimatación las plantas estuvieron en charolas de plástico transparente con los sustratos correspndientes, en invernadero con temperatura en el intervalo de 20 a 37 °C, irradiancia de 85 μmol m-2 s-1 y 70 % de humedad relativa. Los resultados mostraron que las plantas tuvieron diferencias significativas en supervivencia y número de brotes debido al sistema de micropropagación en que se obtuvieron, mientras que los sustratos influyeron en la supervivencia y clorofila total en hojas. Las plantas obtenidas en medio semisólido y establecidas en sustrato musgo Sphagnum chileno sobrevivieron en proporción del 88 al 100 %. Las plantas obtenidas en el sistema BIG fueron las más altas, con 7.2 cm. Las plantas obtenidas en medio semisólido y establecidas en peat moss Premier® formaron 1.25 brotes. Por otro lado, las plantas obtenidas en medio semisólido, establecidas en peat moss Premier® con aplicación de fungicida Captan Plus® tuvieron más clorofila total (0.43 mg g-1 de peso fresco foliar). Los fungicidas no indujeron diferencias en la supervivencia de las plantas.
The orchid Lycaste aromatica (Graham) Lindl. is known for its outstanding cinnamon aroma, which has caused its illegal extraction from its natural habitat. For this reason, procedures were developed for the asymbiotic seeds germination and seedlings development in a gravity immersion bioreactor (GIB) system. Four culture media were tested for in vitro germination: ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS), MS, ½ Knudson C 15 g L− 1 sucrose, Knudson C. The efficiency of the in vitro culture protocol using the semi-solid medium was compared and with four immersion frequencies of the GIB system in a liquid medium, using 30 mL of ½ MS medium per seedling. Germination began at eight weeks and lasted for six weeks. The best treatment was ½ MS with 161 germinated seeds. In 90 days, the cultures in bioreactors reached significant differences in the number of leaves (10 leaves), number of roots (4.7 roots), and seedling height (5.4 cm). However, the seedlings developed in the semi-solid medium reported a higher number of shoots (1.6 shoots) and root length (2 cm); furthermore, the bioreactor culture showed the highest photosynthesis rate (0.74 µmol CO2 g− 1 s− 1). The culture system in bioreactors is an excellent alternative to develop this species because it increases photosynthesis and the size of the seedlings, which favor their acclimatization.
The orchid Lycaste aromatica (Graham) Lindl. is known for its outstanding cinnamon aroma, which has caused its illegal extraction from its natural habitat. For this reason, procedures were developed for the asymbiotic seeds germination and seedlings development in a gravity immersion bioreactor (GIB) system. Four culture media were tested for in vitro germination: ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS), MS, ½ Knudson C 15 g L − 1 sucrose, Knudson C. The e ciency of the in vitro culture protocol using the semi-solid medium was compared and with four immersion frequencies of the GIB system in a liquid medium, using 30 mL of ½ MS medium per seedling. Germination began at eight weeks and lasted for six weeks. The best treatment was ½ MS with 161 germinated seeds. In 90 days, the cultures in bioreactors reached signi cant differences in the number of leaves (10 leaves), number of roots (4.7 roots), and seedling height (5.4 cm). However, the seedlings developed in the semi-solid medium reported a higher number of shoots (1.6 shoots) and root length (2 cm); furthermore, the bioreactor culture showed the highest photosynthesis rate (0.74 µmol CO 2 g − 1 s − 1 ). The culture system in bioreactors is an excellent alternative to develop this species because it increases photosynthesis and the size of the seedlings, which favor their acclimatization. Key MessageLycaste aromatica begins germination in vitro at 8 weeks, lasts for six weeks, develops functional stomata, and promotes photosynthesis in the gravity immersion bioreactor.
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