Soot emission has been the focus of numerous studies due to the numerous applications in industry, as well as the harmful e ects caused to the environment. Thus, the purpose of this work is to analyze the soot formation in a at ame burner using premixed compressed natural gas and air, where these quasi-adiabatic ames have one-dimensional characteristics. The measurements were performed applying the light extinction technique. The air/fuel equivalence ratio was varied to assess the soot volume fractions for di erent ame con gurations. Soot production along the ame was also analyzed by measurements at di erent heights in relation to the burner surface. Results indicate that soot volume fraction increases with the equivalence ratio. The higher regions of the ame were analyzed in order to map the soot distribution on these ames. The results are incorporated into the experimental database for measurement techniques calibration and for computational models validation of soot formation in methane premixed laminar ames, where the equivalence ratio ranging from 1.5 up to 8.
Uma nova geração de detectores semicondutores para radiação ionizante encontrase disponível no mercado para aplicações tanto na indústria quanto na área da saúde. Entretanto, é necessário comparar esses sistemas de detecção quanto à relação custobenefício. Os atuais detectores cintiladores e os de GeLi utilizados para radiação X, devido ao seu alto custo e dimensões, inviabilizam seu uso em equipamentos portáteis e em dosimetria pessoal de rotina. Por outro lado, os detectores a gás existentes são ineficientes para detectar radiação X. Dessa forma, neste trabalho, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um novo tipo de sensor para medir radiação X, baseado num diodo fotovoltaico PIN de pequena dimensão, que pode ser operado à temperatura ambiente com área aproximada de 100 mm 2 . Um amplificador de alto desempenho é também desenvolvido, e medidas são apresentadas, para a resposta do sensor em função da alta-tensão e da corrente de tubo de Raios X.
The structure of inert turbulent flows, stabilized in a Bluff-Body burner, is studied considering different volumetric flows for Nitrogen jet and annular air in coflow configuration. Flowfield analysis on Bluff-Body burner is essential to improve the knowledge about this burner, which plays an important role in industrial applications. Thus, vector velocity field is performed, employing Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Also, an uncertainty analysis is performed considering parameters involved in this technique yielding 6% to velocity measurements. The acquired information produces the results based in flowfield structure, which are presented in terms of statistical momentum and Reynolds stress, in which Boussinesq Hypothesis is considered to incompressible flows. However, this hypothesis fails in certain conditions. In this way, is possible to comprehend and provide experimental data from the turbulent effects on the flowfield and also contribute to predict the combustion flows, in order to enable the validation and develop numerical models.
An increasing number of developing countries are showing interest to become the emerging countries to nuclear energy. Most of these countries lack human resources and adequate infrastructures to enter such a venture. The principle objective of activities of FBNR Group is to train human resources for the countries that at the present lack the necessary conditions, but aim at the future clean and safe nuclear energy through the fourth generation and INPRO compatible nuclear reactors. The preparation for the future nuclear energy is done through development of innovative nuclear reactor that meets the INPRO philosophies and criteria. These countries may or may not have decided as yet to utilize nuclear energy, but are interested to gain a strong educational foundation for their future. The research and development of a small innovative nuclear reactor FBNR is used as the instrument for learning. The young scientists will learn how to be innovative with the vision of INPRO philosophy and criteria.
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