Numerous diseases are carried and can be transmitted from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to livestock. Therefore, buffaloes may only be moved with a special transport permit. Disease-free buffaloes are in demand amongst private game farmers. Current disease-free animals derive from a small genetic pool and hence there is a special interest in bringing new genetic material into the disease-free populations. Different breeding programs were developed in the past, which allow producing disease-free offspring from an infected herd. In this study epididymal sperm from 16 mature African buffalo bulls were frozen with Triladyl™ and AndroMed ® (both Minitüb, Germany) with or without the addition of bovine seminal plasma. Post-thaw motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity were compared by means of paired two-tailed t-tests. For both cryodiluents the post-thaw motility was mostly higher when no seminal plasma was added: no differences could be seen for the acrosomal integrity. Triladyl™ was superior to AndroMed ® in regards to total post-thaw motility. This study indicates that the use of bovine seminal plasma in a concentration of 10% is detrimental rather than beneficial in regards to the post-thaw motility. Triladyl™ rather than AndroMed ® should be used to freeze buffalo epididymal sperm, since it is superior in terms of post-thaw motility, even though the former, containing egg yolk, is not a defined medium and therefore lacks quality standards and carries a hygiene risk. Cette étude montre que l'utilisation decplasma séminal bovin à la concentration de 10% est plus nuisible que bénéfique en ce qui concerne la motilité post-congélation. Triladyl TM devrait être préféré à Andromed ® pour congeler le sperme épididymal de bison, puisqu'il est meilleur en ce qui concerne la motilité post-congélation, même s'il contient du jaune d'oeuf et n'est pas un milieu défini ( pas de standards de qualité), ce qui sous-entend un risque hygienique.
Zusammenfassung
Viral metagenomics has contributed enormously to the characterization of a wide range of viruses infecting animals of all phyla in the last decades. Among Neotropical primates, especially those free-living introduced, knowledge about viral diversity remains poorly studied. Therefore, through the use of metagenomics based on virus enrichment, we the aim of this study was to explored the viral microbiota present in the feces of introduced common marmosets (Callithrix sp.) in three locations from the Silva Jardim region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from nine marmosets, pooled into three sample pools and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were analyzed using a viral metagenomic analysis pipeline and two novel insect viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae and Baculoviridae families were identified. The complete genome of a densovirus (Parvoviridae family) of 5,309 nucleotides (nt) was obtained. The NS1 and VP1 proteins share lower than 32% sequence identity with the corresponding proteins of known members of the subfamily Densovirinae. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this virus represents a new genus, named Tritonambidensovirus due to telomeric structures at the 3' and 5' ends of the genome. The novel species received the name Fecalis tritonambidensovirus 1. The complete circular genome of a baculovirus of 107,191 nt was also obtained, showing 60.8% sequence identity with the most closely-related member of the Baculoviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this virus represents a new species of Betabaculovirus, named Callithrix fecalis granulovirus. In addition, sequences from several families of arthropods in the three pools evaluated were characterized (contigs ranging from 244 to 6,750 nt), corroborating the presence of possible insect hosts with which these new viruses may be associated. Our study expands the knowledge about two viral families known to infect insects, an important component of the marmosets' diet. This identification in hosts' feces samples demonstrates one of the many uses of this type of data and could serve as a basis for future research characterizing viruses in wildlife using noninvasive samples.
We report a viral metagenomic analysis of fecal samples fromBradypus crinitus, a recently described sloth species that occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, Southeast Brazil. Through Illumina sequencing, we identified 24 viral families using distinct taxonomic assignment tools, including phages and vertebrate viruses, such as retroviruses and papillomaviruses. Also, we identified four bacterial genus already associated with disease in sloths. Our study sheds light on the microbiome of a previously unexplored species, further contributing to the comprehension of metagenomic global diversity.
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