No abstract

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan and increases resistance to multiple forms of stress, including ischemia reperfusion injury to the brain and heart in rodents. While maximal effects on lifespan require long-term restriction, the kinetics of onset of benefits against acute stress are not known. Here we show that 2–4 weeks of 30% dietary restriction improved survival and kidney function following renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Brief periods of water-only fasting were similarly effective at protecting against ischemic damage. Significant protection occurred within one day, persisted for several days beyond the fasting period and extended to another organ, the liver. Protection by both short-term DR and fasting correlated with improved insulin sensitivity, increased expression of markers of antioxidant defense and reduced expression of markers of inflammation and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Unbiased transcriptional profiling of kidney from mice subject to short-term DR or fasting revealed a significant enrichment of signature genes of long-term DR. These data demonstrate that brief periods of reduced food intake, including short-term daily restriction and fasting, can increase resistance to ischemia reperfusion injury in rodents and suggest a rapid onset of benefits of DR in mammals.

ARAGANGLIOMA SYNDROME(PGL) is a clinical term that has been introduced to describe a group of diseases in which patients may have neoplasias of several paraganglia. 1,2 For at least 4 decades, it has been known that such conditions may be heritable. 3 In addition, thoracic, retroperitoneal, and adrenal lo-cations (eg, extra-adrenal or adrenal pheochromocytomas) are also wellrecognized components of PGL. 4,5 Thus, Author Affiliations and a complete list of the members of the European-American Paraganglioma Study Group appear at the end of this article.

In vivo GLP-1R imaging is an innovative, noninvasive diagnostic approach that successfully localizes small insulinomas pre- and intraoperatively and that may in the future affect the strategy of insulinoma localization.

RM2 was shown to be a potent GRPr antagonist. Pharmacokinetics and imaging studies indicate that (111)In-RM2 and (68)Ga-RM2 are ideal candidates for clinical SPECT and PET studies.