Sabe-se que, as plantas adquiriram e adaptaram mecanismos de tolerância, como: sistema radicular mais extenso e com maior relação raiz/parte aérea, alterações de comportamento da frequência estomática, cutícula foliar mais espessa, mudanças de ângulo foliar, acúmulo de metabólitos, ajuste osmótico e a resistência à desidratação de células. Estas modificações adaptativas podem ser particulares de cada genótipo, e envolver diversos mecanismos que podem ser eficientes no uso da água. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi mostrar que as técnicas de fenotipagem de raízes tem mostrado ferramentas propulsoras da seleção mais eficiente para a tolerância à seca em milho. Para isso foram utilizados trabalhos da base de dados SciELO, Google Scholar, artigos acadêmicos e livros publicados, com relevância para o tema em questão. E com base nestes estudos foi possível compreender que a aquisição de água e nutrientes pelo sistema radicular e sua capacidade de exploração do solo, compõem a base para o desenvolvimento vegetal, sendo um fator resposta para o início do desenvolvimento, e determinante para a produção de grãos. Além disso, com a fenotipagem radicular há vantagens de seleção por meio de mais um critério, que não somente a fenotipagem em campo. Deste modo, pode-se admitir uma economia de tempo e investimento financeiro, além do desenvolvimento de tecnologia com a validação da fenotipagem radicular.
In soils with adequate levels of fertility, it is possible to manage phosphate fertilization aiming at the grain production system, instead of each isolated crop. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the management of phosphate fertilization, place and time, on the soil and leaf P content, and crop yield in grain production systems. An experiment was conducted at the farm level in the municipality of Nazareno, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, for four years on soil with adequate level of fertility. The treatments consisted of the management of phosphate fertilization by broadcast or furrow and dose for each crop or for the production system (spring/summer and autumn/winter crops), being: Control = without phosphate fertilization; Conventional = phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop; BTP = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system to broadcast; TPS = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the spring/summer crop; TPW = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the autumn/winter crop. Soil P content was evaluated in the third year of implantation, and the crops yield every season crop (maize, soybean, common bean and wheat). The P content in the leaves of maize and soybeans were evaluated in the spring/summer crops. The application of the total dose of phosphate fertilization for both crops in the sowing furrow of the spring/summer or autumn/winter crops (TPS and TPW) promoted operational advantages and increased soil P content in the 0-0.20 m layer, without reducing the yield of the spring/summer crops. Leaf P content was not affected. The Conventional management (phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop) provide greater yield of common beans and wheat during autumn/winter crops, which are more subject to water restriction due to less rainfall, even without increasing the soil P content.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.