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Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technique for the fabrication of near netshaped parts directly from computer-aided design data by melting together different layers with the help of a laser source. This paper presents an investigation of the surface roughness of aluminum samples produced by DMLS. A model based on an L 18 orthogonal array of Taguchi design was created to perform experimental planning. Some input parameters, namely laser power, scan speed, and hatching distance were selected for the investigation. The upper surfaces of the samples were analyzed before and after shot peening. The morphology was analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscope. Scan speed was found to have the greatest influence on the surface roughness. Further, shot peening can effectively reduce the surface roughness. KeywordsAluminum AlSi10Mg . Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) . Taguchi method . Surface roughness Abbreviations AM Additive manufacturing DMLS Direct metal laser sintering CAD Computer-aided design SFF Solid freeform fabrication FFEs Fractional factorial experiments SLS Selective laser sintering S/N Signal to noise ratio ANOVA Analysis of variance FESEM Field emission scanning electron microscope BO Beam offset Nomenclature V Scan speed (millimeter per second) P Laser power (watt) h d Hatching distance (millimeter) E Energy density (joule per square millimeter) η L S/N calculated for larger-the-better response η S S/N calculated for smaller-the-better response R a Surface roughness (micrometer) 1 Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) is the "process of joining mate-rials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer" [1]. Therefore, AM makes it possible to build parts with very complex geometries directly from computer-aided design (CAD) models without any sort of tools or fixtures and with-out producing any waste material. Recently, demands for the direct manufacture of fullfunctional engineering metal com-ponents in different industry sectors such as motor racing, aerospace, pneumatics, automotive, and functional prototypes have increased greatly. One of the main SFF processes employed in AM is selective laser sintering (SLS). In this process, a part is built up layer by layer through the consoli-dation of powder particles with a focused laser beam that selectively scans the surface of the powder bed. Consolidation occurs either by actual fusion of the powder particles or by diffusion bonding. Laser sintering has been utilized to build parts from polymeric materials like

Coupling the photoreduction of a metal precursor with 3D-printing technology is shown to allow the fabrication of conductive 3D hybrid structures consisting of metal nanoparticles and organic polymers shaped in complex multilayered architectures. 3D conductive structures are fabricated incorporating silver nitrate into a photocurable oligomer in the presence of suitable photoinitiators and exposing them to a digital light system.

The aim of this review is to analyze and to summarize the state of the art of the processing of aluminum alloys, and in particular of the AlSi10Mg alloy, obtained by means of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This process is gaining interest worldwide, thanks to the possibility of obtaining a freeform fabrication coupled with high mechanical properties related to a very fine microstructure. However, SLM is very complex, from a physical point of view, due to the interaction between a concentrated laser source and metallic powders, and to the extremely rapid melting and the subsequent fast solidification. The effects of the main process variables on the properties of the final parts are analyzed in this review: from the starting powder properties, such as shape and powder size distribution, to the main process parameters, such as laser power and speed, layer thickness, and scanning strategy. Furthermore, a detailed overview on the microstructure of the AlSi10Mg material, with the related tensile and fatigue properties of the final SLM parts, in some cases after different heat treatments, is presented.

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In this paper, a characterization of an AlSiMg alloy processed by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is presented, from the analysis of the starting powders, in terms of size, morphology and chemical composition, through to the evaluation of mechanical and microstructural properties of specimens built along different orientations parallel and perpendicular to the powder deposition plane. With respect to a similar aluminum alloy as-fabricated, a higher yield strength of about 40% due to the very fine microstructure, closely related to the mechanisms involved in this additive process is observed.

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The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of titanium alloy medical devices and implants produced by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies - in particular, selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM) and laser metal deposition (LMD) - have been investigated by several researchers demonstrating how these innovative processes are able to fulfil medical requirements for clinical applications. This work reviews the advantages given by these technologies, which include the possibility to create porous complex structures to improve osseointegration and mechanical properties (best match with the modulus of elasticity of local bone), to lower processing costs, to produce custom-made implants according to the data for the patient acquired via computed tomography and to reduce waste.