Tuberculosis is still considered a worldwide health problem. In recent years, the stable decrease of tuberculosis notification in Europe is probably due to a particular underlying epidemiological trend: increase of tuberculosis notification in foreign born people living in low endemic countries, and a proportional decrease in the native population. This trend exists also in Italy, where tuberculosis incidence is low (5.2/100.000 inhabitants).Considering the high number of migrants in Viterbo Province after the humanitarian operation“Mare Nostrum”, we analyzed the local health unit (ASL) database to calculate tuberculosis notifications in this area. During the period 2013-2014, Viterbo Province data were similar to European data. Data on age, gender, and nationality are provided and discussed.It is noteworthy the identification of two cases in Nigerian patients that triggered a difficult epidemiological investigation due to the high number of people (migrants, social and healthcare workers) with whom they came into contact (174) and the problems in locating migrants moved to other Italian regions, thus highlighting the need for a constantly updated record of the migrant-hosting facilities.
INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen of considerable importance to public health because it causes morbidity and mortality on the world population. It has more than 90 serotypes with different epidemiological characteristics and pathogenicity. Some categories of the population are particularly vulnerable to infection. The Regional Plan for the Prevention of Lazio for vaccination, based on the national plan for the prevention for vaccination involves the active offer of vaccination no 13-valent PCV, with a target of at least 90% in children 24 months of age.OBJECTIVE: To begin to assess the real economic impact of disease attributable to Pneumococcus, starting from the analysis of hospital discharge records (SDO) of the Viterbo's ASL.METHODS: The model is structured follows the observational approach of 33 months, from January 2012 to September 2014, selecting the SDO with a principal diagnosis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae diseases and those with a principal diagnosis of respiratory diseases without etiological diagnosis, which, with good approximation, it can be considered responsible for Streptococcus pneumoniae 40%.RESULTS: From the preliminary analysis of the data, evaluating only patients diagnosed due to Pneumococcus, is known as the only pediatric cases hospitalized are between 0 and 1 year. Therefore one might assume that vaccination disbursed to the child population with 13-valent PCV, has ensured effective protection to persons of the age group 2-18 years.CONCLUSIONS: The importance of this study is the observation conducted on an ASL, (similar in size and catchment area to many Italian realty) of the vaccination coverage effects, as provided by PRPV Lazio Region, on hospitalizations by Pneumococcus. The study offers a moment of reflection for decision makers, as it would be interesting to conduct pharmacoeconomic’s analysis in the presence of vaccination strategies extended to adults, especially for those at risk, associated with diagnostic tests etiological more specific.
27y botulismo infantile, dovuto all'ingestione di spore di Clostridium, colpisce i INTRODUZIONEIl botulismo è un'intossicazione alimentare causata da una tossina prodotta dal Clostridium Botulinum [1], un bacillo Grampositivo, anaerobio obbligato e sporigeno. Ampliamente diffuso nel suolo e nelle acque di tutto il mondo sotto forma di spora, contamina facilmente gli alimenti all' origine, ma non sono mai stati registrati casi conseguenti all'ingestione di cibi freschi o appena cotti [2]. Altre specie microbiche appartenenti al genere Clostridium sono state correlate a casi di botulismo (C. Baratii, C. Butyricum) [3], ma sicuramente il C. Botulinum risulta essere il più frequente.Sono 3 Caso clinico AbstractA 57 years-old woman with gastrointestinal pain, dysphagia, diplopia, dry mouth, was diagnosed with foodborne botulism caused by Clostridium Botulinum toxin. In this case a jar of vegetables preserved in oil was identified as the source of the intoxication. Canned peppers were produced at home by the patient according to traditional techniques, deemed appropriate as established use. Despite this, the procedure proved to be a health hazard. The present article follows the diagnostic therapeutic pathway of the patient, highlighting the critical points not only related to the clinic but also to the ministerial procedures for reporting a case of botulism. This case provides an opportunity to emphasize the need for greater awareness about how to prevent and correctly manage the cases of botulism, both by the general population and by physicians who faced a patient with suspected poisoning by Botulinum toxin.
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