Various beneficial biological activities have been reported for passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), grown in tropical and subtropical regions. However, no study has yet demonstrated its action against the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-ZIKV of the ethanolic passion fruit seed extract (PFSE), from which, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis allowed to putatively annotate the occurrence of piceatannol, astringin, scirpusin A, scirpusin B, isookanin-7-O-glucoside and naringenin-7-O-glucoside, two quadranguloside derivatives, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. PFSE is well tolerated by cell lines (Vero E6 and HTR-8/SVneo) and tissue explants from the human placenta. With 1- and 24-h treatments, PFSE consistently reduced the viral load and NS1 protein expression of the two strains of ZIKV (MR766 and PE243) in placental explants and cell lines. Thus, PFSE has a promising potential for developing anti-ZIKV treatments, protecting the placenta against infection caused by ZIKV, along with relevant antioxidant potential, represented by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 390.5 Trolox eq per g dry extract and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) of 12.1 μg mL–1, and more than 90% protection from lipid peroxidation. Although further studies need to be conducted, PFSE treatment was safe and effective in trophoblast cells and placental explants, thus representing a promising class of all-accessible products based on the reuse of industrial by-products.
RESUMO Em 2016, em isolamentos provenientes de amostras de árvores de plátano (Platanus acerifolia) na região de Curitiba, estado do Paraná (Brasil), foram obtidos quatro isolados do oomiceto Phytophthora. Os isolados obtidos foram caracterizados a partir de análises morfológica e molecular visando sua identificação específica. Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial dos isolados em oito temperaturas, formação e dimensões de estruturas sexuadas e assexuadas e foi realizada a análise molecular com base na região ITS do DNA. Realizou-se, também, teste de patogenicidade em mudas de araucária, plátano e frutos de abacate. Os isolados apresentaram crescimento ótimo na faixa de 20 - 28°C e não foi verificado crescimento micelial a 8 e 36°C. As colônias dos quatro isolados apresentaram-se cotonosas com micélio pouco denso. Os quatro isolados produziram esporângios persistentes, predominantemente elipsoides, sem papilas com média de 32,5 x 24,2 µm. Observou-se a formação de clamidósporos globosos e terminais com diâmetro médio de 38,4 µm. Todos os isolados apresentaram-se heterotálicos do tipo de compatibilidade A2, com oósporos de anterídio anfígeno medindo em média 30 µm. A análise molecular realizada demonstrou 99% de similaridade de um dos isolados de plátano com as sequências disponíveis no GenBank e Phytophthora-ID para Phytophthora cinnamomi. Com base nestes caracteres os isolados foram identificados como Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Este é o primeiro relato desta espécie causando morte de árvores de plátano no Brasil.
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