The benefits of organic farming to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes continue to be hotly debated, emphasizing the importance of precisely quantifying the effect of organic vs. conventional farming. We conducted an updated hierarchical meta-analysis of studies that compared biodiversity under organic and conventional farming methods, measured as species richness. We calculated effect sizes for 184 observations garnered from 94 studies, and for each study, we obtained three standardized measures reflecting land-use intensity. We investigated the stability of effect sizes through time, publication bias due to the ‘file drawer’ problem, and consider whether the current literature is representative of global organic farming patterns. On average, organic farming increased species richness by about 30%. This result has been robust over the last 30 years of published studies and shows no sign of diminishing. Organic farming had a greater effect on biodiversity as the percentage of the landscape consisting of arable fields increased, that is, it is higher in intensively farmed regions. The average effect size and the response to agricultural intensification depend on taxonomic group, functional group and crop type. There is some evidence for publication bias in the literature; however, our results are robust to its impact. Current studies are heavily biased towards northern and western Europe and North America, while other regions with large areas of organic farming remain poorly investigated. Synthesis and applications. Our analysis affirms that organic farming has large positive effects on biodiversity compared with conventional farming, but that the effect size varies with the organism group and crop studied, and is greater in landscapes with higher land-use intensity. Decisions about where to site organic farms to maximize biodiversity will, however, depend on the costs as well as the potential benefits. Current studies have been heavily biased towards agricultural systems in the developed world. We recommend that future studies pay greater attention to other regions, in particular, areas with tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean climates, in which very few studies have been conducted.

ResumoEste artigo tem como proposta analisar como as crianças e adolescentes em situação de conflito com a lei são representadas nas reportagens televisivas e como as informações e descrições ali contidas correspondem à imagem tipificada desse grupo social, fixada no acervo social de conhecimento. Para tanto, tomamos como objeto de análise a série de reportagens intitulada Crime, Castigo e Recuperação, exibida de 20 a 23 de agosto de 2012, pelo jornal Repórter Brasil, da emissora TV Brasil. Para a avaliação do referido objeto, utilizamos como categorias de análise as recomendações dispostas na cartilha Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: Guia de referência para cobertura jornalística, proposta pela Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância (ANDI).

O artigo tem por objetivo abordar a conduta de profissionais da comunicação brasileira, tanto no âmbito regional quanto no nacional. No primeiro caso, tratase da reportagem “Chororô na delegacia: acusado de estupro alega inocência”, realizada pela repórter Mirella Cunha do programa Brasil Urgente Bahia da BAND Bahia, e no segundo caso é colocada em questão a análise do vídeo “Sê Tu Uma Benção”, feita pelo apresentador Carlos Massa em seu programa de entretenimento no SBT. Dessa maneira, procuramos identificar se as infrações cometidas podem ser enquadradas nos crimes de injúria, calúnia e difamação, mais comumente atribuídos aos profissionais do jornalismo brasileiro, tudo dentro das transgressões do Código Penal.