ResumenLa arqueología de las poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras de las cuencas lacustres Tar y San Martín (Santa Cruz, Argentina) señala diferencias en la forma e intensidad de uso del espacio. En este trabajo se incorporan nuevos datos tecnológicos y cronológicos de la distribución de artefactos de la margen norte del lago San Martín, obtenidos en transectas y excavaciones en abrigos rocosos ubicados en la estepa y en el ecotono bosque-estepa. Los resultados alcanzados permiten completar el paisaje arqueológico de los alrededores de este lago e incorporarlo a la discusión regional, reforzando planteos previos acerca de la baja intensidad de uso humano del espacio y la articulación logística de los sectores occidentales, cercanos al borde de bosque, desde espacios ubicados hacia el este.Palabras claves: Cuencas lacustres pericordilleranas, tecnología lítica, cronología, intensidad de uso del espacio.
AbstractThe archaeological record of the hunter-gatherer populations that inhabited the Tar and San Martin lacustrine basins during the Holocene indicates differences in both the mode and the intensity in which these two spaces were used. In this paper we contribute with new data about spatial artifact distribution, lithic technology and the occupation chronology of the northern margin of the San Martin lake that were obtained in transect surveys and excavations carried out in rockshelters situated in
This paper presents the paleogeographic reconstructions of flooded areas of the Tar-San Martín lacustrine system during the late Pleistocene-Holocene. The dimensions of lacustrine and glaciolacustrine levels of this basin are higher than the current levels of the lakes. The organic matter of lake levels recorded on stratigraphic profiles was described, sampled and dated using AMS, while other paleobathymetric indicators were also identified (height of the fan-delta apex and paleo-coast levels). Deriving out of the reconstruction of flooded areas it was established that the lake system was formed before 28 ka ago and would have reached its maximum expansion around 12 ka ago. The first hunter-gatherer occupation of the basin (11 ka) corresponds to the period of initial contraction of the lake system and the composition of the current configuration of the coastlines. This scenario would have allowed the exploration of western areas and the gradual incorporation of the forest to the action range of hunter-gatherer populations. Similarly, the levels of lakes Tar and San Martín would not have hindered the movement of human populations through the steppe throughout the Holocene.
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