Electron beams are applied in radiotherapy treatments where superficialized doses are desirable as well as deeper tissues sparing. Monte Carlo method has been recently implemented in the TPS as the algorithm for electron beam isodoses calculation at the National Institute of Cancer in Brazil. This work comprises an additional method of evaluation of the isodoses generated by the TPS, considering the irradiation of a non-flat surface. A 6-Gy electron beam breast irradiation was planned and delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom into which 36 capsules with TLD100 were inserted. The TLD calibration curve was performed from 100 cGy to 700 cGy. In an overall analysis, eMC algorithm isodose distribution results agreed with TLD measured doses. 75% of measured data met the 5% accuracy criteria, which can be considered in good agreement with the recommended uncertainties involved in a radiotherapy treatment. Considered all collected data, 8 TLDs received extremely low doses and due to tissue attenuation of the electron beam, the TLD measurements might have additional uncertainties. If these data are not taken into account, 100% of the measured doses, considering the uncertainties, meet the 5% accuracy criteria. About the 3 methods for isodose smoothing available in the eMC algorithm, the low level of dose smoothing option provides the best matching with measured data, consisting of the most reliable option. Considering the AAPM recommendations eMC algorithm offers an accurate solution for isodoses calculation, within a 5% accuracy.
In this work, CaCuxTiyO12 ceramics (2.7 ≤ x ≤ 3.3 and 3.25 ≤ y ≤ 4.75), related to excess and deficiency of CuO-TiO2 eutectic phase have been synthesized by coprecipitation method. The crystalline phases in the ceramics were identified by X-ray diffraction patterns, and the pellets have mainly presented CCTO and also exhibited CuO, TiO2 and CaTiO3 as secondary phases. The thermal conductivity of the ceramics was determined using the laser flash method in the temperature range of 300-1000 K. It was observed a decrement in thermal conductivity values as the amount of the eutectic phase decreased. The electrical DC conductivity has been measured by the two-probe method from 300-1000 K and it has been noted that both grain size and amount of eutectic phase influenced the electrical conductivity results.
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