The energy demand for supporting the activity of human life is increasing where fossil fuels decreasing sharply every year and have an impact on increasing CO 2 emissions in the environment. An alternative solution for providing practical energy needs is using renewable energy such as solar cells. For environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient concepts, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising alternative for the photovoltaic field. The performance of a DSSC depends on many factors, such as electron collection at the photoanode, photoanode light-harvesting efficiency, and others. In this review article, we observe the influence of synthetic and natural dye materials on light-harvesting efficiency at photoanodes. The chemical structure of dyes plays an essential role in increasing photon absorption, thereby increasing electron injection and conversion efficiency. In addition to dyes, we also reviewed the influence of the shape of the DSSC structure, namely the sandwich, monolithic, and honeycomb structures, on the performance of DSSCs.This approach helps develop a narrative about the potential and relationship of dyes and structure in increasing efficiency as a guide for synthesizing new materials in the future.
Nickel-doped Zinc Oxide (Zn(1-x)Ni(x)O) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method. The structure and characteristic of synthesized Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles ware analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Crystallite sizes and lattice strain of all samples were calculated using the Scherrer’s formula, Uniform Deformation Model (UDM) and Halder-Wagner (H-W) method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed hexagonal cubic structure of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Also, the crystallite size of the nanoparticles reduces as the nickel concentration increase. The result showed the average crystallite size calculated by Scherrer’s formula (25-29 nm) was smaller than crystallite size using UDM method (51-63) the largest average crystallite size and H-W method (42-47 nm). The lattice strain increases with decreasing crystallite sizes value. The crystal size Ni- doped ZnO nanoparticles decreased with increasing dopant concentration.
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